戯曲のよみかた(美学会第三十回全国大会報告)

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Drama consists of speeches. But a speech is essentially a speech act, which includes three elements : the phonetic, the phatic and the rhetic act. In the written drama the phonetic act is lacking ; this act cannot be described by words, for then it would fall into the category of the epic form. Stage directions are not of absolute necessity, but there must be at the beginning of each speech a name referring to the person who speaks. So, drama consists of incomplete sentences such as : Hamlet... "Go thee to a nunnery." (In the epic form this will be : Hamlet said, "Go thee to a nunnery.") We feel uneasy for the lack of the predicate. But no other deed can disslove this feeling than adding the phonetic act to it. An actor does this on stage. Therefore, in reading a drama, a reader becomes an actor in imagination. But he must play not only a part of the speaker but at the same time of the one he speaks to. For a speech act is always a dialogue act. Moreover, a reader watches the stage he himself is forming, though the physical (perceptual) relation is vague. In short, a reader of a drama plays in imagination three parts simultaneously : the speaker, the listener and the audience. And at this time he loses his own position. That is why drama makes us long for the actual experience, that is, regaining of our physical positions.
美学会の論文
1979-12-30