詩的言語に於ける逸脱の諸相

概要

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The consistent or systematic occurrences of the deviant sentences have been claimed to be one of the distinctive features of the poetic language. This paper intends to analyze the poetic language from the speech-act point of view, which regards a speech act (i.e., an act performed in the utterance of a sentence) as a minimal, basic unit of communication. In this paper, I will clarify and examine the following points. First, in the ordinary communication, the deviance of a given expression is recognized on the basis of the linguistic rules (on the sentence-level), the speech-act rules (on the utterance-level) and the speaker-hearer's factual knowledge of the world. Second, in the ordinary communication, the intentional deviation is regarded as the figurative utterance which is not possible without the common basis of the speaker-hearer's factual knowledge of the world. Third, even if the utterance in the poem is judged perfectly defective against the norm of the ordinary communcation, in the poetic (or parasitic) communication, the deviance-recognition is to be suspended, in so far as the speaker-hearer's mutual understanding can't be garanteed. So, in the ordinary communication, the deviant (figurative) utterance can be construed against the background of the common knowledge ; on the contrary, the utterance in the poetic communication will be literally fixed and the interpretation of the actual world will be modified.
美学会の論文
1981-09-30