Microstructures of Explosively Bonded Metals as Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy : Low carbon-steel clad and austenitic stainless clad steel

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Microstructures of explosively bonded composites, low carbon-steel to low carbon-steel and austenitic stainless steel to low carbon-steel, have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The bond zone whose width is less than several μm consists of a mixture of clad and base metals, and the crystal grain size in each component metal is several thousand A in width. Dislocation density in these areas as well as the bond zone is of the order of 10^9/cm^2. Larger crystal grains at distance of 10-600μm from the bond zone contain the dislocation density of 10^<10>-10^<11>/cm^2, and the dislocation density at further distance from the bond zone is of 10^<10>/cm^2. Tangled dislocations with cusps and dislocation loops are observed. Thin deformation twins in austenitic stainless steel and elongated subgrains resulting from α→ε→α transformation of low carbon-steel are found profusely. No significant hcp ε-phase is detected in the stainless steel. The adequacy of the proposed mechanism of explosive bonding based on the theory of compressible fluid is discussed from the results obtained.
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