Migration and Diapause in Ecological Interactions : A Case Study in the Tingid Bug, Stephanitis takeyai

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Evolution of life history in ecological interactions was reviewed using inter-population variation in the life cycle of a polyphagous herbivore, Stephanitis takeyai (Heteroptera : Tingidae) and its egg parasitoid, Anagrus takeyanus (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae). In a study site in a typical secondary forest in Kyoto, S. takeyai showed a seasonal host-plant alternation between its main host plants, the evergreen Pieris japonica and the deciduous Lyonia ovalifolia. In another site in Nara Park, there were few L. ovalifolia plants, and S. takeyai exploited P. japonica throughout the year. The flora of Nara Park has been simplified by heavy herbivory by deer, which have long been conserved as holy animals. Therefore, the current life cycle of S. takeyai in Nara Park would have been derived from a host-alternating life cycle. However, from an interspecific comparison, non-host-alternating life cycle was thought to be the ancestral state in this species. Corresponding to the different life cycles in S. takeyai, A. takeyanus showed different life cycles in the two sites. In the Kyoto site, most individuals of A. takeyanus in the overwintering eggs of S. takeyai entered summer diapause immediately after winter diapause, showing a mostly univoltine life cycle. In Nara Park, the wasp did not enter summer diapause. Therefore, it was concluded that the aestivation of the wasp has been appended to overwintering as an adaptation to the evolution of seasonal host-plant alternation in the lace bug, which was secondarily lost by the bug in Nara. The different life cycles in the bug and the wasp significantly affected the rate of parasitism and the hatchability of S. takeyai eggs.
日本昆虫学会の論文
2000-03-25

Migration and Diapause in Ecological Interactions : A Case Study in the Tingid Bug, Stephanitis takeyai

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