Kin Recognition among Intact and Blinded, Mixed-Sibling Larvae of a Cannibalistic Salamander Hynobius retardatus
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概要
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Cannibalisms among larvae of a salamander Hynobius retardatus were affected by level of food supply, their density, body size and kinship. Kin recognition during cannibalisms among mixed-sibling larvae was examined using larvae with similar body size (within 10% differences in total body length at hatching stage) developed from different egg clutches. In order to distinguish larvae developed from an egg clutch from ones developed from different egg clutches, individual marking system by eye ball-removal operation was conducted. The eye ball-removal itself had no effect on the cannibalism, either to consume or to be comsumed. It was found that the larvae can recognize kinship without sence of sight and preferentially consume non-kins or avoid killing siblings, when larvae jatched from different egg clutches were mixed. The cannibalism, however, was either induced or not maong larvae hatched from an egg clutch. The density of larvae from an egg clutch whether they became "cannibalistic" or "non-cannibalistic" was determined in every egg clutch by observing the cannibalism in larvae hatched from each egg clutch, respectively, during the first 10 days after hatching. Thus, it was possible to distinguish "cannibalistic" clutches which contained cannibalistic larvae from "non-cannibalistic" clutches which never showed the cannibalism. Even larvae of the "non-cannibalistic" clutch, however, had an ability to eat another individual when mixed with larvae hatched from different egg clutches.
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