РОДИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПАДЕЖ ПРИ ПЕРЕХОДНЫХ ГЛАГОЛАХ С ОТРИЦАНИЕМ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
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概要
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After having defined transitive verbs as verbs governing the accusative or the genitive case, we examined the frequency of the accusative case in 12 conditions wherein such verb is negated. Average frequency 38%, I. ne imet' 0%, II. intensive negation 9%, III. plural nouns 22%, IV. verba sentiendi 28%, V. inverted word order 41%, VI. perfective aspect 44%, VII. imperative mood 56%, VIII. concrete nouns 5%, IX. indirect negation 61%, X. interrogative clauses 74%, XI. a-stems 87%, XII. the name of person 100%. Based on the theory of Hopper & Thompson (1980) concerning the transitivity and examination of materials and so on, we noted the following facts: 1) Negation decreases transitivity in the clause. 2) Concerning the object, the genitive shows the weaker transitivity in the clause than the accusative. 3) In affirmative clauses there exist hierarchies of transitivity which are determined by the combination of verb and object (See Figure 1). Further, conditions I, III, IV, VI, VIII, XII are concerned with hierarchies of transitivity in affirmative clauses, while II, VII, IX, X- with the manner of negation. In Figure 1, combination of higher terms increases transitivity in the clause and in case of negation object hardly occurs in the genitive. On the other hand, a combination of lower terms decreases transitivity in the clause and the object in the nagated clause occurs easily in the genitive. And even if the degrees of transitivities in two affirmative caluses are the same, degrees of reduction of transitivity vary, depending on the difference in the manner of negation: the more weakened the transitivity is, the more frequent the object occurs in the genitive. In consequence, we can conclude that there are two main factors which determine the case of the object in the caluse with transitive verb. One is the transitivity in the affirmative clause determined by the combination of verb and object in Figure 1. The other is the manner of negation that weakens transitivity. [figure]
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