音の7属性の性格について
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概要
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In the previous report, it was suggested that the psychological space applicable to tonal descriptive terms is composed of three main attributes (LOUDNESS, PITCH, PLEASANTNESS) and four sub-attributes (CONSONANCE, SMOOTHNESS, BRIGHTNESS, RICHNESS)(Fig. 1). This paper reports on the results of studies on the characteristics of these seven attributes. Tonal source groups(pure tones, synthetic tones, musical instrument solo tones, and reproduced musical sounds;total 7 groups, 426 tones) were evaluated, respectively, by the absolute judgment using 38 tonal descriptive terms(Fig. 2). By multidimensional scaling method and other evaluaion results, the relations between three dimensional configurations of tonal sources(Table 1, Fig. 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 17, 22) and tonal descriptive terms were analyzed for each group. In case of pure tones, in the project of configurations on PITCH-PLEASANTNESS plane, "arch" shaped curves were shown for each loudness(Fig. 5, 6, 9, 10), and the most "pleasant" parts of these curves are all nearly 1kHz. This configuration is called "TONE ARCH"(Fig. 5, 6). Moreover, the neutral points of PITCH (high pitch-low pitch) and LOUDNESS (loud-soft) depending on absolute judgment were found. The neutral point for the PITCH of pure tones and synthetic tones is about 600Hz, 700Mel(Fig. 3), and that for LOUDNESS is 70 phon (pure tones, synthetic tones, musical instrument solo tones) or 80 phon (reproduced music)(Fig. 7, 8). CONSONANCE(clear-turbid) and SMOOTHNESS(smooth-rough) are the attributed associated with the frequency intervals of tone components and its loudness, and in auditory nerves, CONSONANCE is concerned with "Space pattern", while SMOOTHNESS is concerned with "Time pattern". The boundary situation between CONSONANCE and SMOOTHNESS corresponds thoroughly to Beatty's "most rough frequency interval", and it is the problem different from critical band (Fig. 14, 15, 16, 17). BRIGHTNESS (bright-somber), similarly to the sense of sight, is related with the sensitivity to distinctness in tone quality. Well sensible sound (the sound with high pitch, loudness and other discerning ability) is "Bright tone"(Fig. 19). For example, loud tone of nearly 1〜3kHz is "bright", however, low-pitched tone is "somber" (Fig. 18). RICHNESS(rich-thin) depends on the volume of tonal information of sound stimulation obtained by auditory nerves. Similarly to tone "VOLUME", loud and low-pitched tone is "rich", while soft and high-pitched tone is "thin". However, tone in "unstable dynamic domain" and its reverberated tone are also "rich"(Fig. 20, 21, 22). For normal persons's ear, these seven attributes for tone quality seem to have common sensibility in the domains where the attributes are felt intensivery.
- 1978-09-01