アンドレイ・プラトーノフの長編『チェヴェングール』におけるユートピアの三要素

概要

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Many scolars regard "Chevengur" as a utopian novel, even though the word "utopia" is'nt in this novel. The utopia, which the characters aim for is called "communism" or "socialism" in the novel. The "communism", or utopia, that the characters dreamed of became quite different from the government's. Their tragedy is from that they could not recognize this difference. Then what was utopia for them? We can, in fact, find three elements which the characters felt make Chevengur a utopian society. The first element is brothely love. After the revival of work, (working was forbidden) solidarity by brotherly love was realised in the city of Chevengur. But the introduction of "wife" distracted it. The second element is the conquest of nature. All characters believed that they could do anything they wanted in the "communist" world, including live forever. However, since one boy died, they came to doubt their communism. The third element is isolation in time and space. In this novel after the "Second Coming", the massacre of all inhabitants except the Bolsheviks, time had stopped in the city of Chevengur. However a man got into the city from Moscow, and so the outside world had invaded their town. "Chevengur" is regarded as a utopian novel, but as we tried to show, the elements of utopia in "Chevengur", brotherly love, conquest of nature and isolation in time and space, all vanish.
日本スラヴ・東欧学会の論文