KONSTRUKCJE IMIESLOWOWO-BIERNE W JEZYKU POLSKIM
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概要
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Passive Constructions with Passive Participles in Polish The main aim of this paper is to investigate meanings of passive constructions with passive participles from the point of view of the verbal aspect, and to make clear differences in meaning between constructions equipped with perfective passive participles and those with imperfective ones. In the case of constructions with perfective participles, the author finds that there exist three kinds of meanings denoted by these participles and named them "aoristus", "perfectum" and "stativum". He proposes to describe these meanings in terms of two semantic features: first, whether there is a logical interdependency between the situation denoted by one of these constructions and that denoted by the corresponding active construction of the same verb, i.e. [± consistency ] and second, whether the former situation exists at the same time as the latter, i.e. [± simultaneity]. Then, the description of the above meanings would be as follows' "aoristus" - [+ consistency, + simultaneity], "perfectum" - [+ consistency, - simultaneity], and "stativum" - [- consistency, - simultaneity]. It is evident that the feature [- simultaneity] is redundant in regard to the description of "stativum". In the case of constructions with imperfective participles too, it is revealed that the state of affairs is quite analogous to the case of perfective participles. Here we have three kinds of meanings: "imperfective aoristus", "imperfective perfectum" and "imperfective stativum". They can be analogously described as follows: "imperfective aoristus" - [+ consistency, + simultaneity], "imperfective perfectum" - [+ consistency, - simultaneity] and "imperfective stativum" - [- consistency, - simultaneity]. From the observation of relationships of these kinds of meanings to the semantic features of the original verbs on the one hand, and to the context on the other, the author comes to the conclusion that the difference between the active and passive voices consists in the fact that whereas in the case of the active voice we can observe only the opposition of imperfective and perfective peculiar to the Slavic aspectual system, in the case of the passive voice we must suppose another aspectual system at work in the formation of meanings, in addition to the Slavic aspectual system mentioned above. This system is considered to be very much akin to that of the original Indo-European system of opposition - "aoristus" - "perfectum" - "imperfectum".
- 日本スラヴ・東欧学会の論文