施設入居高齢者の口腔健康状態と治療必要性に関する研究

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A survey of the oral health condition and treatment needs of dental diseases among 1958 institutionalized elderly people was conducted in 29 out of 30 public and private institutions in Kitakyushu City, Japan. The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data before the planning and implementation of a dental program for institutionalized elderly people in Japan. Dentition and periodontal status, wearing of and need for dentures, and the condition of the temporomandibular joint were assessed according to the WHO guidelines (Oral Health Surveys-Basic Method, 3 rd Edn., 1987). Interviews were also conducted and data on general diseases were obtained from the subjects' medical histories. Most common diseases were neurologic and mental diseases followed by cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal diseases. Physical and mental status were also surveyed. Twenty-three percent of all persons were edentulous and the mean number of present teeth, DF teeth, D (decayed) teeth and F (filled) teeth among dentate persons was 10.5, 7.3, 2.6 and 4.7, respectively. The average number of teeth requiring filling, endodontic treatment, prosthetic treatment and extraction among dentate persons was 0.2, 0.5, 0.2 and 2.1, respectively. The percentage of dentate persons with healthy, bleeding on probing, calculus, shallow pocketing of 4 or 5 mm, and deep pocketing of 6 mm or more was 3%, 4%, 32%, 52% and 9%, respectively. The mean number of sextants with healthy, bleeding, calculus, shallow pockets and deep pockets was 0.4, 0.2, 1.3, 1.0 and 0.1, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of subjects had dentures and 71% of the denture wearers wore them day and night. Denture treatment was needed by 77% of all persons : new dentures were needed by 36% and denture repairs by 41%. There were no dental complaints from 59% of those interviewed, and most frequently reported were difficulties with dentures and chewing. In contrast with this, only 35% of the interviewed persons had a subjective need for treatment. Oral mucosal pathoses were rare, and most of them were denture-induced lesions. Eightytwo percent of the subjects had no unusual symptoms in their temporomandibular joint. Oral and denture hygiene were poor. Only 2% of the subjects were plaque-free and 13% of denture wearers use their dentures with no visible plaque. Analysis of the results showed poor dental health in this target group and emphasizes the necessity of improving the dental health service programs for the institutionalized sector of the population and also the importance of preventive programs for dental diseases in the younger generations.
九州歯科学会の論文
1991-02-25

施設入居高齢者の口腔健康状態と治療必要性に関する研究

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