T-cell Receptor Assay and Reticulocyte-Micronuclei Assay as Biological Dosimeters for Ionizing Radiation in Humans

概要

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In radiation accidents, biological methods are used for dosimetry if the radiation dose could not be measured by physical means. The knowledge of individual dose is a prerequisite for planning medical treatment and for health risk evaluations. In this paper we represent the summary of biodosimetrical methods used in our laboratory in the patients treated with radioiodine for thyroid cancer. The dose-response relationship was measured by the flow cytometry-based micronucleus assay in transferrin receptor positive reticulocytes (MN-Tf-Ret assay) and by the T-cell receptor (TCR) assay in CD4 lymphocytes. Compared to our previous works, the database for TCR assay was significantly improved, and two groups of thyroid cancer patients (from Belarus and Germany) were studied. In the MN-Tf-Ret test, mutant frequency increased proportionally with the radiation dose, whereas in the TCR-test the dose relationship could be described by an exponential equation which takes into account the limited lifespan of TCR mutants. Finally, these assays are compared with other biodosimetrical assays used in patients treated with radioiodine.