微生物の生産する高機能性バイオポリマー
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概要
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Alcaligenes latus was used to produce a new poly-sacchardide bioabsorbent that can absorb water at more than 1000 times its own weight (maximum 2000 times), approximately 5 times greater than that of currently used commercially available synthetic high polymers absorbents. In addition, its water absorption capacity in the presence of NaCl was high when compared to synthetic polymers, with its moisture retention capacity in dry environments also found to be superior. This bioabsorbent is a polysaccharide. Biopolymers from A. latus B-16 were purified, and the biopolymers were separated into two types of biopolymers : a high-molecular weight component (acid-biopolymer) and a low-molecular weight component (neutral-biopolymer). The high-molecular weight component was bioabsorbent, and was able to absorb water at more than 1000 times its own weight. The total yield of acid- and neutral-biopolymers from A. latus B-16 was 20-25 g (dry weight) per liter of culture broth, and they were produced at a ratio of 20: 1 (acid: neutral). Constituent sugars of polysaccharide bioabsorbent from A. latus B-16, were identified by three methods, gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gas mass spectroscopy. This polysaccharide bioabsorbent is composed of four different sugars: glucose, rhamnose, fucose and glucuronic acid. The molar ratio of the constituent sugar was: glucose : rhamnose : glucuronic acid : fucose = 1.8 : 1.1: 1: 1. The structure of the bioabsorbent investigated by 'H and ' spectroscopy etc. has the repeating unit as follows; {→3}-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucuronic acid-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→)n α-L-fucopyranosyl(1→3). This polysaccharide bioabsorbent has been commercialized in cosmetics field in Japan (in 1999) and in abroad (in 2001), and has been also used for ball-pen (in 2001). Also, contributing to this bioabsorbent was believed to have a great potential to be an attractive atternative to prevention of desertification.
- 社団法人日本生物工学会の論文
- 2002-03-25
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