Engineering Studies on Biochemical Reactions Involving Microor-ganisms, Enzymes and Genes
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Engineering studies have been carried out concerning fed-batch cultures of various microorganisms, lipid engineering, and biochemical reactions involving genes. (i) Studies on fed-batch cultures of microorganisms: The fed-batch cultures have been classified according to the mode of nutrient-feeding. Both constantly fed-batch culture and exponentially fed-batch culture have been studied theoretically and experimentally. Fed-batch cultures with automatic feedback control have been studied using dissolved volatile alcohols (tubing sensor), culture turbidity (turbidometer), and pH as the control indices. Usefulness of the fed-batch cultures to increase productivities or final concentrations of metabolites has been demonstrated by the productions of poly-3- hydroxyalcanoates (biodegradable plastics), antibiotics, enzymes, and polyunsaturated fatly acid. (ii) Studies on lipid engineering: A novel concept `microaqueous' has been proposed to emphasize the importance of trace amount of water for the enzymatic reactions in organic media. It was demonstrated that the enzymatic reactions became hydration-limiting of the enzyme protein when water content was very small. An unique novel membrane bioreactor with contact made of two-liquid phase has been developed. The bioreactor system was successfully applied to hydrolysis of liquid edible oil, glyceride synthesis, and glycerolysis of fat, all of which were catalyzed by lipases. Various bioconversions involving lipids catalyzed by lipases and by phospholipase D have been extensively studied. (iii) Studies on biochemical reactions involving genes: A novel simple tubular type mini-bioreactor has been developed for PCR. Single-step amplification from single molecule of DNA by PCR has been established. Various aspects of cell-free transcription/translation of genes, i. e. cell-free protein synthesis, have been studied to increase its efficiency. Both wheat germ extract and Eseherichia coli S30 extract have been studied as materials. As for the wheat-germ extract, reaction time was extended over more than 10 h by improving a number of factors of reaction condition. As for E. coli S30 extract system, a novel mini-bioreactor system based on dialysis principle has been developed.
- 2002-02-25
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- Engineering Studies on Biochemical Reactions Involving Microor-ganisms, Enzymes and Genes
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