The impact of autonomic nervous activity on atrial vulnerability of pulmonary veins in anesthetized pigs
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
- 2002-03-31
著者
-
Katagiri Takashi
Third Dept. of Internal Medicine, Showa University
-
Kobayashi Youichi
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
-
Minoura Yoshino
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
-
Miyoshi Fumito
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
-
Watanabe Norikazu
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
-
Matsuyama Taka-aki
Department Of Pathology Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Matsuyama Takaaki
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
-
Kawamura Mitsuharu
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Tanno Kaoru
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University
-
Minoura Yoshino
Division Of Cardiology Department Of Medicine Showa University
-
Miyoshi Fumito
Division Of Cardiology Department Of Medicine Showa University
-
Miyoshi Fumito
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Miyata Akira
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
-
Nakagawa Haruyuki
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
-
Ryuu Shunshou
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University
-
Miyata Akira
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Adachi Taro
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Kobayashi Youichi
The Third Department Of Internal Medicine School Of Medicine Showa University
-
Kobayashi Youichi
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Jinbo Yoshihiro
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine
-
Kikushima Shuji
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine
-
Baba Takao
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine
-
Obara Chiaki
Third Dept.of Internal Med., Showa Univ.School of Med.
-
Shinagawa Jotaro
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University of Medicine
-
Kikushima Shuji
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University Of Medicine
-
Jinbo Yoshihiro
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University Of Medicine
-
Katagiri Takashi
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Nakagawa Haruyuki
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Shouwa University School Of Medicine
-
Watanabe Norikazu
Division Of Cardiology Department Of Medicine Showa University
-
Shinagawa Jotaro
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Baba Takao
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Katsumata Ryo
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Obara Chiaki
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University Of Medicine
-
Matsuzaki Akihiro
The Third Department Of Intemal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Matsuyama Takaaki
Third Department Of Internal Medicine Showa University School Of Medicine
-
Katagiri Takashi
Third Department Inter Nat Medicine Showa University
関連論文
- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY METABOLISM AND CONTRACTILE RECOVERY IN STUNNED MYOCARDIUM
- High-Dose Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Promotes Neointimal Hyperplasia in the Early Phase and Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia in the Late Phase After Vascular Injury
- PJ-901 Strong Correlation between Small LDL-Cholesterol and Negative Net Charge Fraction of LDL in Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease(Lipid disorders(05)(H),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circula
- PJ-233 Elevated Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Risk Marker for Stable Coronary Heart Disease, Independent of Adiponectin and C-reactive protein(Atherosclerosis,clinical(10)(IHD),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeti
- PJ-167 Remarkably High Levels of Small LDL-cholesterol in Younger Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome(Preventive medicine/Epidemiology/Education(05)(H),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Ci
- PE-502 Not LDL-Cholesterol But Apolipoprotein A1 is an Important Risk Marker for Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients Treated with Lipid-lowering Drugs(Atherosclerosis, clinical(08)(IHD),Poster Session(English),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of
- 2 High Levels of Small Dense LDL-cholesterol as Atherogenic and Metabolic LDL in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome(Symposium 3 (SY-03) (IHD) Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis,Special Program,The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circ
- PJ-811 Effect of Candesartan on the Lipid Metabolism of Hypertensive Patients with Focused on Small Dense LDL-C(Hypertension, clinical-10, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PJ-809 ACE-Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARB) Have Stronger Effects on Matrix Metalloproteinase Pathway and Anti-inflammation than Ca-antagonists(Hypertension, clinical-10, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulati
- PJ-285 Histological Features Around the Three Aortic Cusp Regions, Implication for the Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial and Ventricular Tachycardia(Arrhythmia, diagnosis/pathophysiology/EPS-14, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese
- PJ-901 Strong Correlation between Small LDL-Cholesterol and Negative Net Charge Fraction of LDL in Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease(Lipid disorders(05)(H),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circula
- PJ-233 Elevated Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Risk Marker for Stable Coronary Heart Disease, Independent of Adiponectin and C-reactive protein(Atherosclerosis,clinical(10)(IHD),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeti
- PJ-167 Remarkably High Levels of Small LDL-cholesterol in Younger Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome(Preventive medicine/Epidemiology/Education(05)(H),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Ci
- PE-502 Not LDL-Cholesterol But Apolipoprotein A1 is an Important Risk Marker for Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients Treated with Lipid-lowering Drugs(Atherosclerosis, clinical(08)(IHD),Poster Session(English),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of
- 2 High Levels of Small Dense LDL-cholesterol as Atherogenic and Metabolic LDL in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome(Symposium 3 (SY-03) (IHD) Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis,Special Program,The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circ
- PJ-809 ACE-Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARB) Have Stronger Effects on Matrix Metalloproteinase Pathway and Anti-inflammation than Ca-antagonists(Hypertension, clinical-10, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulati
- PJ-285 Histological Features Around the Three Aortic Cusp Regions, Implication for the Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial and Ventricular Tachycardia(Arrhythmia, diagnosis/pathophysiology/EPS-14, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese
- Effects of Physical Training on the Recovery of the Autonomic Nervous Activity During Exercise After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting : Effects of Physical Training After CABG
- 1010 EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON AUTONOMIC NERVE ACTIVITY AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY
- PJ-901 Strong Correlation between Small LDL-Cholesterol and Negative Net Charge Fraction of LDL in Patients with and without Coronary Artery Disease(Lipid disorders(05)(H),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circula
- PJ-233 Elevated Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Risk Marker for Stable Coronary Heart Disease, Independent of Adiponectin and C-reactive protein(Atherosclerosis,clinical(10)(IHD),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeti
- PJ-167 Remarkably High Levels of Small LDL-cholesterol in Younger Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome(Preventive medicine/Epidemiology/Education(05)(H),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Ci
- PE-502 Not LDL-Cholesterol But Apolipoprotein A1 is an Important Risk Marker for Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients Treated with Lipid-lowering Drugs(Atherosclerosis, clinical(08)(IHD),Poster Session(English),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of
- 2 High Levels of Small Dense LDL-cholesterol as Atherogenic and Metabolic LDL in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome(Symposium 3 (SY-03) (IHD) Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis,Special Program,The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circ
- PJ-809 ACE-Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARB) Have Stronger Effects on Matrix Metalloproteinase Pathway and Anti-inflammation than Ca-antagonists(Hypertension, clinical-10, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulati
- PJ-285 Histological Features Around the Three Aortic Cusp Regions, Implication for the Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial and Ventricular Tachycardia(Arrhythmia, diagnosis/pathophysiology/EPS-14, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese
- PJ-143 Synergistic Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation with Lipid-lowering Therapy on Amelioration of Small Dense LDL in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome(Acute coronary syndrome, basic/clinical-7, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circ
- PJ-073 Mechanism of Neurally Mediated Syncope(Autonomic nervous system-3, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PE-455 Increases in Serum Metalloproteinase-1, -13, and Interleukin-6 in the Culprit Coronary Artery in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction(Infection/Inflammation/Immunity-2, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PE-301 Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol Levels Under Estimate Atherogenic LDL-cholesterol at Onset Acute Coronary Syndrome(Atherosclerosis, clinical-07, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PE-291 Significance of Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol, CRP, and Adiponectin as a Biomarkers to Predict Coronary Events in Stable Coronary Heart Disease(Atherosclerosis, clinical-06, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PE-169 Effect of Frequent Cardiac Rehabilitation on Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise(Exercise test/Cardiac rehabilitation-4, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- OJ-262 Effects of Pioglitazone on the Metabolic Syndrome Complicated with Hypertension plus Diabetes Mellitus(Cardiovascular pharmacology, basic/clinical-2, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PE-582 Effects of the Frequency of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Glucose Tolerance or Intolerance in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome(Exercise test/Cardiac rehabilitation-2 (IHD) PE101,Poster Session (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual S
- Effects of the Frequency of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation after Acute Coronary Syndrome on Atherogenic Dyslipidemia(Exercise Training and Cardiac Rehabilitation (H), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- The Involvement of TNF-α on Myocardial Remodeling after AMI through MMP Expression
- Matrix Metalloproteinases Are Involved in Pathogenesis of In-Stent Restenosis in Porcine
- The Expression of Stem Cell Marker in Neointima of In-Stent Resteonsis in Porcine Coronary Arteries
- Local delivery of a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor suppressed vascular remodeling after balloon angioplasty In porcine coronary arteries
- The Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Pig Coronary Arteries following Coronary Intervention
- Biochemical and Ultrastructural Evaluations of the Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Ischemic Myocardial Injury : Role of the Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel
- Histochemical studies of myocardial injury caused by hydrogen peroxide after reperfusion using the cerium method
- P767 CHANGING PATTERN OF DELTA WAVE BY EXERCISE LOAD IN WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME
- P636 ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ON VENTRICULAR REMODELING AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- PJ-674 Efficacy of Cypher Stent in the Treatment for RCA Ostial Lesion(Coronary revascularization, PCI-22 (IHD) PJ113,Poster Session (Japanese),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- OE-003 Regional Expression of Tissue Factor in Thrombus in Acute Coronary Syndrome : Immunohistochemical Analysis for Aspiration Samples(Acute coronary syndrome, basic/clinical-1 (IHD) OE1,Oral Presentation (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific
- Significance of I-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphic Imaging as Screening of the Arrhythmogenic Disorder in Outpatients with Palpitation (Nuclear Cardiology 13 (I), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- Comparative Examination Between Right And Left Coronary Thrombus in Acute Coronary Syndrome : Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis(Acute Coronary Syndrome/Changing Strategy (IHD), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Soc
- PE-040 Difference in cause of congestive heart failure between the patients with chronic and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.(Nuclear Cardiology 5 (I) : PE7)(Poster Session (English))
- PE-038 Mismatch among Function, Perfusion and Metabolism For Predicting Final Functional Recovery in Adyskinetic Infarct-related Myocardium 1 month after Angioplasty(Nuclear Cardiology 5 (I) : PE7)(Poster Session (English))
- OJ-316 Change with exercise in QT dispersion for detecting the condition of infarct-related myocardium including myocardial scar after angioplasty(Nuclear Cardiology 7 (I) : OJ38)(Oral Presentation (Japanese))
- OE-029 Changes in Cytokines and MMPs Levels in Aspirated Serum in Acute Myocardial Infarction(Acute Myocardial Infarction, Clinical (Pathophysiology) 1 (IHD) : OE4)(Oral Presentation (English))
- FRS-103 Eosinophils may have potential to promote occlusive thrombus in acute coronary syndrome : histological and immunohistochemical analysis(Acute Coronary Syndrome (IHD) : FRS13)(Featured Research Session (English))
- Difference in Ischemic Burden during and after Exercise between Exercise-Induced Painful Ischemia and Painless Ischemia Distinguishing Diabetes Mellitus
- The Effect of Candesartan on the Left Ventricular Remodeling after Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Recovery Sequence within Ischemic Territory after Exercise-Induced Ischemia : A Study Using Dual-Isotope Perfusion Single Photon Emission Tomography
- OJ-032 Measurement of the Left Atrial Isthmus and Obstacles(Arrhythmia, therapy-05, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- FRS-003 Impact of Circulating Tissue Factor and Prasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 on Thrombus Proliferation in Acute Coronary Syndrome : Immunohistochemical Analysis(Acute Coronary Syndrome, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation S
- The Effects of Nicorandil and Nifekalant, Which Were Injected into the Pericardial Space, for Transmural Dispersion of Repolarization in the Pig
- Arrangement of the Autonomic Nerves Around the Pulmonary Vein-Left Atrial Junctions : Histologic and Immunohistochemical Analyses
- Epicardial Ablation With Cooled Tip Catheter Close to the Coronary Arteries is Effective and Safe in the Porcine Heart if the Ventricular Potential is Being Monitored in the Epicardium and Endocardium
- PJ-620 Treating to Atrial Fibrillation with Pulmonary Vein Isolation(Arrhythmia, therapy-18 (A) PJ104,Poster Session (Japanese),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PJ-448 Diverse Myocardial Extension and Autonomic Innervation on Ligament of Marshall in Humans(Arrhythmia, diagnosis/pathophysiology/EPS-11 (A) PJ76,Poster Session (Japanese),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Soci
- PE-039 The Role of ICD in Sudden Cardiac Death for Japanese Patient(Arrhythmia, therapy-8 (A) PE7,Poster Session (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- OJ-209 Histological Observation of the Radiofrequency Ablative Lesions for Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia Guided by Electroanatomical Mapping System(Arrhythmia, therapy-4 (A) OJ35,Oral Presentation (Japanese),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific M
- Restoration of Sinus Rhythm from Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients with Sudden Cardiac Death (Arrhythmia, Non-pharmacological Therapy 9 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- The Distribution of the Autonomic Nerves Contiguous with the Entrance of the Pulmonary Veins in Humans(Arrhythmia, Diagnosis/Pathophysiology/EPS 4 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- Human Urotensin-II Potentiates the Mitogenic Effect of Mildly Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells : Comparison with Other Vasoactive Agents and Hydrogen Peroxide
- A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Carboxylesterase Gene Is Associated with the Responsiveness to Imidapril Medication and the Promoter Activity
- Small Dense LDL and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Relation to Vascular Dementia
- Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of ischemic preconditioning using an adenosine receptor blocker and an ATP-sensitive K channel opener
- OE-307 Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol is a more Powerful Marker than LDL-Cholesterol in Determining Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis(Atherosclerosis, clinical-02, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society
- OE-105 Suppression of TNF-alpha Improves the Recovery of Blood Perfusion in Hindlimb Ischemia Model(Growth factor/Cytokine-1(H/M), The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- OE-062 Role of Adiponectin in Vascular Injury Model Using Adiponectin Transgenic Mice(Atherosclerosis, basic-1 (H) OE11,Oral Presentation (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- Clinical Significance of Adiponectin and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
- Carperitide Exerts Its Therapeutic Effects through IL-6 Inhibition in Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure
- PE-164 Significance of Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Concentrations in Relation to the Severity of Coronary Heart Diseases(Atherosclerosis, clinical-7 (H) PE28,Poster Session (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of th
- Association Between Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein and Postprandial Accumulation of Triglyceride-Rich Remnant-Like Particles in Normotriglyceridemic Patients With Myocardial Infarction
- PE-253 Smoking habits are associated with small dense LDL and high LDL-cholesterol in men with coronary heart diseases(Smoking 1 (H) : PE43)(Poster Session (English))
- Association with Small Dense LDL Phenotype on Postprandial Lipemia in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Significance of small dense low-density lipoprotein in patients with various types of coronary heart diseases
- Increased number of very-low-density lipoprotein particles in patients with coronary heart disease
- 0450 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF HEMORRHAGIC MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHOUT REPERFUSION THERAPY
- P685 CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH SUCCFSSFUL PERCUTANEUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPIASTY(PTCA).
- P674 SECRETORY KINETICS OF B-TYPE NATIURETIC PEPTIDE(BNP)IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-α-Gene-Deficient Mice Have Improved Cardiac Function Through Reduction of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Myocardial Infarction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Deficient Mice Decreased Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 After Myocardial Infarction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Deficient Mice Improve Left Ventricular Function After Myocardial Infarction
- Changes in Myocardial Lactate Metabolism During Ramp Exercise in Patients With Effort Angina and Microvascular Angina
- ARRHYTHMIA AT SUBACUTE PHASE OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION : INVESTIGATION ON CLINICAL FINDINGS,HOLTERS ELECTROCARDILGRAM(ECG),AND EXERCISE TESTING
- -0134-CHANGES OF PLASMA NATRIURETIC POLYPEPTIDE (α-ANP) BY BATHING IN PATIENT WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION : COMPARED WITH CLINICAL FINDINGS
- Significance of Overlap of Tc-Pyrophosphate/TL-201 in Acute Infarct-Related Myocardium in Patients Underwent Complete Recanalization (TIMI Grade 3)
- Significance of ST-Segment Depression During Adenosine Triphosphate Stress 201-Thallium Scintigraphy in Coronary Artery Disease
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Apical Left Ventricular Aneurysm
- 3 Synergistic Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation with Lipid-lowering Therapy on Amelioration of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Patients with Coronary Heart Diseases(Cardiac Rehabilitation Therapy at the Chronic Stage, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the
- Decreasing Parasympathetic Tone Activity and Proarrhythmic Effect After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation : Differences in Ablation Site
- Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate on Ventriculoatrial Conduction : Usefulness and Problems in Assessment of Catheter Ablation of Accessory Pathways
- 0205 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY(EPS)IN SICK SINUS SYNDROME(SSS)
- -P399- Long-term effects of pharmacological therapy for vasovagal syncope : On the basis of examination of reproducibility during head-up tilt testing(PROCEEDINGS OF THE 59th ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY)
- -P241- Efficacy of class III antiarrhythmic agents in refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter.(PROCEEDINGS OF THE 59th ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY)