金光明寺写経所の研究 : 写経機構の変遷を中心に
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概要
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The Konkomyoji-Shakyojo 金光明寺写経所 is the Sutra copying office which was managed by Kogogushiki 皇后宮職 from the 15th year of Tenpyo 天平 to the 19th year, and is famous for re-using the backs of official documents concerning local political and economic activities reported from local administrators. In this paper the author intends to make clear the total circumstances surrounding the Konkomyoji-Shakyojo, paying attention mainly to changes of its system, in order to contribute to better clarifying the Tenpyo era. The central mechanism of the Konkomyoji-Shakyojo was the office called Shasojo 写疏所. Its main duty was copying Gogatsu-tsuitachikyo 五月一日経, which was ordered by Komyokogo 光明皇后 and at this point in time it had already finished copying the Kyo 経 (the original Sutra) and had started on the So 疏 (the annotation of original Sutra). In April of the 15th year of Tenpyo the Shasojo resumed the copying of Gogatsu-tsuitachikyo, and at the same time it started copying Taikan-Issaikyo 大官一切経, but discontinued it before the end of the year. The office for the Taikan-Issaikyo was called Do 堂. In January of the 18th year of Tenpyo the Taikan-Issaikyo was resumed in the form of the Sensha-Issaikyo 先写一切経, and at the same time the office started another Issaikyo. It was called Kosha-Issaikyo 後写一切経 in contrast to the Sensha-Issaikyo. We can see Nando 南堂 as the office of Sensha-Issaikyo, and Hokudo 北堂 as the office of Kosha-Issaikyo. From that time on it became the custom to divide Kanshakyo 間写経 (the copyed Sutra by extra order) between Nando and Hokudo. Each office has an manager. The manager of the Shasojo actually had responsibility for the whole work of the Konkomyoji-Shakyojo, since the Shasojo had the wherewithal for integrating the whole office ; and incidentally in the 18th-19th year of Tenpyo the head of the office was Shihi Maro 志斐麻呂, who was famous for the Tsugime-Urahu insignia, "志," (the sign written on the back side of joined documents to justify the juncture). Shasojo was the secretariate of Konkomyoji-Shakyojo. In the winter of the 19th year of Tenpyo we can see Todo 東堂 and Seido 西堂 instead of Nando and Hokudo. Through this adjustment which included removals of Sutra copying structures, Kon-komyoji-Shakyojo had been dissolved for a better administrative setup, the Zotodaijishi-Shakyojo 造東大寺司写経所. The author thinks of that the studies of Shoso-in-Monjo 正倉院文書 (one of the document collections of the Nara 奈良 period held in Shoso-in) have been prevented from progressing on account of the fact that, first, for the most part Shoso-in-Monjo had lost its original organization due to a number of re-arrangements beginning with Hoida Tadatomo 穂井田忠友 ; secondly, the collection should not be called munuscript but essntially account books ; and thirdly, the collection is apt to be kept at a distance as very exceptional historical materials because it was put together in a peculiar ancient government office -the Shakyojo. Since it is impossible to ignore the unique history of Shoso-in-Monjo as a material to be utilized in the study of ancient history, we should make every effort to clarify the true value of it by detailed. inspection. This paper is one attempt to do just that.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1987-08-20