弾左衛門支配と新町宿
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概要
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This essay attempts to clearly describe the actualities of lodging facilities at the Edo township of Shincho 新町, a topic which has yet to be recognized by either research into the history of ghettos in Japan or research of the legal historical type. This research theme is very important from the standpoint of the work being done on the inferior caste system in Japan's early modern period, especially in the area of the control exercised over the inferior statuses of eta 穢多 (leather skinners, executioners and other tradespeople) and hinin 非人 (beggars and low class entertainers) in the Kanto Plain by the personage of Danzaemon 弾左エ門, the Tokugawa Bakufu-appointed Head of the Eta (Etagashira 穢多頭). These lodgings, over half of which were facilities for administrative purposes, numbered at least ten in all and were situated in the Asakusa District's Shincho, Danzaemon's administrative headquarters. On the occasion of a person under the authority of Danzaemon travelling to Edo on official business, that person's accomodations would be taken care of by a given inn, which would provide him with all the services necessary to complete his business. A very important and rather special occasion was the business of litigation (kuji deiri 公事出入り). When court was held at the headquarters of Danzaemon himself, these Shincho inns would perform such services as the authoring of documents, legal representation at court, and activities leading to out of court settlements (naizai toriatsukai 内済取扱い). When eta and hinin litigants under Danzaemon's control made appearances at the courts of other administrators like the Machi Bugyo 町奉行, these same lodgings would perform their legal services among similar inns providing legal assistance to the holders of peasant status (hyakusho 百姓). In historically evaluating these lodgings at Shincho, the author makes the following three points : 1)These inns were indispensable to Danzaemon in the excercise of his right to render justice free of intervention from higher authorities (tegiri ginmi 手限吟味). 2)These inns played a significant role in tying into one social unit those of the status of eta and hinin in Shincho itself (the capital) and in the Kanto Plain (the provinces). In this way both groups were in real terms brought under the control of Danzaemon. 3)Within the context of the early modern status system, these litigation inns catering soley to the status of eta and hinin functioned to further strengthen and develope status discrimination.
- 1983-07-20