直隷省の教育改革と官紳の日本遊歴
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概要
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After examining the policy carried out by Yuan Shikai (袁世凱), the Governor-General of the metropolitan province of Zhili(直隷省), to send local government officials and elites to tour, Japan this paper analyzes the contribution of these travellers to the modernization of education in Zhili during the early 20th century. In the late Qing Dynasty, Zhili Province was a fine example for how to set up modern schools. In this process, the cooperation and enthusiasm of the local officials and elites played an important role. For Governor-General Yuan Shikai, his policy could not be successful unless the school administrators themselves went abroad to tour schools and learn something from them. In July 1905, he presented to the emperor a petition entitled "Methods for Sending Officials and Local Elites Abroad on Tour" and ordered that officials and elites in the 152 prefectures (府), departments (州), and counties (県) must go to Japan on tour for three to four months before they assumed their posts as school administrators. The implementation of such a policy greatly promoted the spread of modern education and was an important factor for modernizing the ideas of officials and local elites at the time. The two main points made in the present paper are first, after the War between Japan and Russia, China was deeply impressed by the victory of the former and strove to imitate Japan's policy to develop "national education" for "making its country prosperous and militarily strong" and "being loyal to the sovereign and devoted to the country". In order to maintain rule by the imperial court, Yuan Shikai carried out a whole set of policies to reform Zhili Province and placed high priority on developing human resources that could meet the need of realizing modernization in the shortest possible time. While making national education universal and compulsory in Zhili Province, Yuan Shikai mainly depended on the local officials in departments and counties, as well as elites who were influential in local affairs. Secondly, educational reform in Zhili Province during the late Qing Dynasty was carried out by reforming the local administrative system and introducing the Japanese way of dividing educational districts. Such being the case, it was important for local officials and elites who were mainly in charge of local affairs to tour Japan, so as to deepen their understanding of modern administration, including the educational system. Their experiences prove valuable in playing an active part in the modernization of education in Zhili Province.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1997-03-20