前田領における検地の性格について
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The aim of this paper is to examine the character of the land surveys carried out by a daimyo named Maeda, primarily at the beginning of the early modern (kinsei) era. It goes without saying that the taiko cadastres conducted at the time marked a new epoch in the history of land surveys in Japan. It is also true that Moriaki Araki's theory of the taiko cadastres is preeminent among kinsei historians. According to Araki, the taiko cadastres were based on the principle of "one-producer-per-plot-of-land" (itchi-issakunin) and abolishing "intermediary exploitation" (sakuai). From this, Araki has contended that the early modern age was clearly different from the late medieval age in terms of social organization, the social status system, village structure, and so on. However, this paper contends that the Maeda surveys were not carried out according to such principles. When we consider the character of Maeda's surveys, we need to distinguish between the surveys of the 10th and 11th years of Tensho (1582-83) and those conducted after Tensho 13. The earlier surveys were conducted through a reliance on documents submitted from the villages (sashidashi kenchi), or in accordance with that method, and the village tax (muradaka) was calculated by multiplying the total or arable land by a fixed rate of production (todai). The later surveys, on the other hand, were carried out by actually measuring the land itself. In either case these methods of surveying differ in principle from the taiko surveys. The Maeda surveys, called "sotakamawari", involved the calculation of only the total area of the village. In these surveys, peasants were not registered according to individual plots of Hand, nor were individual plots precisely measured. These surveys began with a measurement of the environs of the village from which a rough drawing (kari-ezu) was made. Next, a "ryo-ezu" (territorial drawing) was made by marking off the largest possible rectangular areas for easier calculation. After making the ryo-ezu, the surveying staff went to the land itself to measure these areas. In this process, the rivers, inlets, moats, roads and so on which passed, through these areas were measured and subtracted from the total area of the village. After the results of the surveys were recorded on field notes and reduction notes, the area which remained after the unproductive land was subtracted was considered the "aribu" (taxable land) of the village. When the records of the survey-the field notes, the reduction notes, and the territorial drawings-were submitted to Maeda, a survey certificate (kenchi uchiwatashi-jo) was issued to the village. Although these land surveys were intended as an adjustment of the principles of the taiko cadastres, this paper demonstrates how their character was thoroughly distinct from that of the taiko cadastres.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1993-10-20