牧民官の祈り-真徳秀の場合-
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概要
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Investigating the manner in which state sacrifices were carried out in local yamens is one way to explain how China's cultural and political unity was maintained for such a long time. This paper, taking the scholar-official Zhen Dexiu of the Song period as an example, examines how officials interracted with the gods of the area in which they were posted. This paper is based on prayers written by Zhen Dexiu. Generally speaking, local officials performed prayers to the gods when they assumed or left a given post, each year at the seasonal spring and autumn festivals, when the people's livelihood was threatened by a poor crop due to bad weather, and other similar occasions. Zhen performed various prayers in response to events such as these, not only to orthodox gods listed in the register of sacrifices (sidian), but also to Daoist and Buddhist gods and saints, and new gods popular among the people. It seems that Zhen himself, as a Neo-Confucianist, preferred the orthodox gods. Still, he recognized the political efficacy of praying to the gods actually worshipped by the people as an indispensable means of winning their hearts. Zhen, however, did not pray to the gods as imagined and worshipped by the people, but attempted to reform them in a manner suitable with the ideology of Neo-Confucianism. Accordingly, though the gods Zhen prayed to and those the people prayed to were the same gods, their characters were somewhat different. The Ming rulers adapted Zhen's thought and inserted popular beliefs into the system of state sacritices. However, as his reputation as a Neo-Confucianist became established, a temple where Zhen had prayed for rain would become famous precisely on account of the fact that he had prayed there, with the result that later officials could not afford to take that temple lightly. In this manner the state sacrifices and popular belief, through the mediation of the local officials, had a mutual effect on each other.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1991-11-20