Constitutio Domus Regisとその作成の背景
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概要
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A document called the Constitutio Domus Regis, preserved in the Black Book and the Red Book of the Exchequer (both were compiled in the thirteenth century), gives the most valuable information about the royal household under the Norman kings. This is a list of the staff that makes up "domus regis", recording their daily pay and allowances of each officer, great or small, from the chancellor to an usher. In the first part of this article, there is a commentary on the Constitutio, and in the second, the circumstances are to be clear under which the Constitutio was composed. 1)Respecting the pay and allowances, the officers in the Constitutio could be divided into different ranks. The highest, which included the chancellor, the stewards, the master butler, the master chamberlain, the treasurer and the constables, received five shillings a day and simnels, wine and candles. These were the chief officers of the household in charge of the departments, that is, the chapel and scriptorium, the pantry and kitchen, the buttery, the chamber and the stable and kennels. Under each of these, a number of subordinates served, such as the bakers, larderers, butchers and cooks under the stewards. Some of them were paid in wages and the other only in food. 2)It is almost certain from internal evidence that the Constitutio was compiled shortly after the death of King Henry I, and prepared for the new king, Stephen. When Stephen became king, the chief officers of Henry's household seemed to have feared that they would lose what they gained in King Henry's time because they were "the new men" whom King Henry raised and put into his officials in the Court and in the Government, and because they depended on him for their estates and offices. However, though they were afraid to attend Stephen's Court, the new king promised that he would keep them in the same positions and fortunes. The author of Gesta Stephani (ed. and tr. by K.R. Potter) said,"... they went to court under a safe conduct and having attained all their requests according to their desire and paid homage with the addition of a voluntary oath, they gave themselves wholly to his service." Such expectations and desires of the household officers under the last king might have been a motive, if not the only one, for the composition of the Constitutio Domus Regis.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1984-06-20