開成所に於ける慶応改革 : 開成所「学政改革」を中心として
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
In its last stage of government, especially in the midst of foreign and domestic tensions, the Tokugawa shogunate intended particularly to strengthen its diplomatic and military institutions by means of expansion and reform of them. The Bansho Shirabesho 蕃書調所 (Institute for the Investigation of Barbarian Books) was among the institutes newly created out of such diplomatic and military necessity. As a shogunal research and training center for Western learning, it was opened in 1856 and renamed as the Kaiseijo 開成所 (Institute of Enlightenment) in 1863. However, in the early stages, the organization seems to have attained no significant difference from that of the old-established shogunal research and training institute for Chinese learning : Shoheizaka Gakumonjo 昌平坂学問所. Rather, a remarkable change in the principles of organization and its practices started in the latter half of 1866 and lasted until the beginning of the following year. In the first chapter of this essay the author clarifies the motivations, circumstances, and intentions surrounding the so-called gakusei kaikaku 学政改革 (reform in the educational administration), which carried on a bureaucratic rationalization of the composition of the teaching faculty at the Institute. The second chapter elucidates the actualities of other reforms conducted in its educational performances including (1)the opening of a separate facility to teach students of daimyo vassal families and the adoption of a tuition system for them, and (2)the inauguration of open lectures on subjects of Western learning in Japanese even for those not affiliated with the Institute. The author further discusses that the above-mentioned kaikaku and other changes at the Kaiseijo should be examined in the light of the "Keio reforms" : various efforts made by the shogunate during the mid-1860s. She (now Mrs. F.Umezawa) enphasizes, especially, the close relationship between these academic reforms and the expanding reorganization in military structure in Edo.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1980-03-20