『エリュトゥラー海案内記』の成立年代について : 古代南アラビア碑文を史料としての一考察

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Periplus Maris Erythraei, is a kind of handbook written by an anonymous Egyptian Greek merchant to inform his contemporaries of the commercial conditions and possibilities in the Erythraean Sea, (that is, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Persian Gulf, which together were at that time considered one sea). This text is now an indispensable historical source for the study of East-West interaction and the conditions of coastal areas along the Erythraean Sea. And, in this article, the author tries to determine this text's date by analyzing, primarily, ancient inscriptions written in epigraphic South Arabian. One of the chief clues to this disputed question is the mention, in parts of the book related to South Arabia, of two kings'-Charibael, king of the Homerites and the Sabaites, and Eleazos, king of the frankincense-producing country, Hadhramaut. These rulers are identified in the inscriptions, as krb'l and 'l'z('l'd), respectively. But when were the two kings with such names ruling simultaneously? During the first three centuries A.D., four kings were named krb'l and three named 'l'z ('l'd). Which of these were Periplus' contemporaries? By examining each case in detail the author tries to show that the Charibael mentioned in the Periplus was not krb'l/drydn but krb'l/wtr/yhn'm/mlk/sb'/Wdrydn (CIH 373, etc.), who reigned ca. 60-90 A.D. As for the Eleazos mentioned in the Periplus, A.F.L. Beeston was possibly right in suggesting 'l'z/ylt/mlk/hdrmwt/bn/yd''l (Hamilton 8), but the author believes it is not yet clear. In any case, it is most unlikely that the Peri-plus was written during the second and third centuries A.D., including the first half of the third century, a theory propounded recently by such scholars as J.Pirenne, J.Ryckmans, H.von Wissmann, etc. Instead, this author prefers the latter half of the first century, a conclusion which would be supported, too, by a comparative examination of the Periplus and the inscriptions on the Abyssinian invasion of South Arabia. By relying on the South Arabian inscriptions alone, however, we can get no more detailed date for this text than ca. 60-90 A.D., the reign of charibael (or, krb'l/wtr/yhn'm/MSR). But, by combining such information with the reign years of Malichas, king of the Nabataeans (ca. 40-70 A.D.), the author comes to the conclusion that the Periplus was written ca. 60-70 A.D.
財団法人史学会の論文
1976-01-20

著者

蔀勇造
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科

『エリュトゥラー海案内記』の成立年代について : 古代南アラビア碑文を史料としての一考察

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