唐・回鶻絹馬交易再考
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概要
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After the rebellion of An Lu-shan(安祿山) the silk and horse trades between the Tang(唐) dynasty and the Uighur empire increased sharply. Until now many studies concluded that it had been caused by a one-sided desire for silk of the Uighur empire. But the author's study of the policy concerning horse-breeding of the Tang dynasty tells us that the loss of national pastures in He-xi(河西) and Long-you(隴右), which invasions by the Tibetan kingdom(吐蕃) caused, expanded the need for foreign horses by the Tang dynasty at that time. Therefore, the most basic sources stating that the trades was one-sided, "accounts of the silk and horse trades in the Qian-yuan(乾元) and the Da-li(大暦) era" contained in Jiu Tang shu『舊唐書』, 195, Xin Tang shu『新唐書』, 217 etc. and Yin-shan dao「陰山道」 by Bai Ju-yi(白居易) must be examined again. As the result, we find that the former sources, which state that unjust trades made the fiscal conditions tight, were written in order to accuse the Uighur empire of violence and arrogance. And through the study of the poem with the same titile Yin-shan dao by Yuan Zhen(元〓), which was composed together with Bai Ju-yi, we find it to have been written ironically so as to expose errors of statesmen of those days, especially in fiscal affairs. We need to do away with these artificialities and depend on accounts with more objectivity. And that leads us to other conclusions. The amount of silk which the Tang dynasty could provide within its budget played an important role in deciding how many horses were to be exchanged. And, as previously stated, the expansion of the trades was caused by the change in the policy concerning horse-breeding of the Tang dynasty which was caused by Tibetan invasions. From these points we can conclude that the trads was not just one-sided by Uighur empire, but was greatly influenced by the domestic politics and the economy of the Tang dynasty and the international situation.
- 1999-10-20