清朝と宗法主義
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概要
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The idea in the tsung-fa 宗法 system that descent-line heir (tsung-tzu 宗子) should organize descendants through ancestral festivals in the era subsequent to the Sung 宋 Period is persistent among intellectuals (shih-t'a-fu). This paper examines the attitudes of the Ch'ing 清 Dynasty toward the tsung-fa system. The first problem in relation to the tsung-fa system is section 2 of Sheng yu-kuang hsun 聖諭広訓 of Shih Tsung 世宗. Shih Tsung told the common people that such devices as tz'u-t'ang 祠堂, i-t'ien 義田, chia-shu 家塾, and tsu-P'u 族譜 were necessary for the harmony in kinship. These devices were positioned as the means to realize the tsung-fa system. Regulations with regard to the Sheng yu-kuang hsun were proclaimed in the Ch'ien lung 乾隆 period. The Ch'ing Dynasty set regulations that protected ssu-ch'an 祀産, i-t'ien 義田, and tsung-tz'u 宗祠 on the basis of the idea that descendants should share wealth together: that is to say, selling off their family's wealth was considered a crime. Can we therefore assume that the Ch'ing Dynasty authorized the tsung-fa system? No. The system was denied officially by means of the tz'u-t'ang 祠堂 system, which follows the policy from the Ming 明 Dynasty. However, as mentioned above, Shih Tsung issued a proclamation that a series of devices be positioned as the means to realize the tsung-fa system, and regulations were adopted to protect the device. It is conceivable that the Ch'ing Dynasty, in fact, tacitly permitted the tsung-fa system, although it did not recognized it officially.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1997-08-20
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関連論文
- 何炳棣著, 寺田隆信・千種真一訳, 『科挙と近世中国社会 : 立身出世の階梯』, 平凡社、一九九三年二月、三六二頁、三九〇〇円
- 石頭霍氏 : 広東の郷紳の家(森正夫先生退官記念号)
- 伝統中国の宗族に関する若干の研究の紹介
- 清朝と宗法主義