Some Observations of the Surface Roughness of Mild Steel Finished by Turning

概要

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The surface roughness of metals finished by turning has been treated as a problem determined geometrically by the geometry of cutting tools composed of a nose radius and end- and side-cutting-edge angles and the rate of feed. It has also been regarded as being affected adversely by such factors as a build-up edge, the boundary wear at the end-cutting-edge and vibration in the system of the tool and work being machined. It is commonly known, however, that the surface roughness of low carbon steel depends on the depth of cut and the side-cutting-edge angle when it is machined by a cutting tool of a small nose radius. Another factor may have to be introduced to account for this phenomenon. In this paper, microphotographs of that part of work being machined from which chips are separated at the end-cutting-edge of a cutting tool were observed to examine the effect of the condition of chip separation on the surface roughness. It is expounded that the above-mentioned phenomenon can be accounted for by a new factor based on the chip formation mechanism which has an adverse effect on the surface roughness ; the factor being divided into four elements : (1) burrs on the work being machined at the end-cutting-edge of a tool, (2) burns on chips at the end-cutting-edge, (3) fluctuations of feed force and (4) the secondary contact between chips and the surface which has been just machined.
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