空孔生滅による液体の粘弾生の一般論 : 分散系のレオロジー,その他
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概要
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The present authors consider that both shear flow and volume change are ascribed to the appearance and disappearance of holes. Number of holes decreases with increasing pressure and increases with decreasing pressure. When pressure on liquid in anisotropic, time rate (frequency) of appearance of hole becomes also anisotropic. From this point of view, a general relation between stress and deformation of liquid is derived. [U_r]=(v_h)/(v_0)(kT)/h(F≠)/(F_0)exp(-(ε_j+ε_h)/(kT))[exp(-(p_rv_h)/(2kT))]-((p_m)/(K_2)-θ)(kt)/h((F≠)/(F_0)exp(-(ε_j)/(kT))[exp(-(p_rv_h)/(2kT))]-1/(3K_2)[p_r] [U_r] : tensor of time derivative of strain. Bracket means tensor. Subscript r means principal axes x, y, z of strain. v_0, v_h : volumes of a molecule and a hole, respectively. ε_j : activation energy for collapse of a hole. ε_h : every for creation of a hole. F_0,F_h, F≠ : partition functions. p_r : time derivative of pressure p_r along each principal axis of strain. p_m=Σ__<r=x,y,z> p_r/3. θ : bulk strain both by the appearance and disappearance of hole and by the change of inter-molecular distance. K_2 : bulk elasticity only by the change of inter-molecular distance. Further from the relation, complex shear viscosity and complex bulk viscosity can be derived. So present theory comprises Hirai-Eyring theory on bulk viscosity (1958) as a special case. If the mechanisms of shear viscosity and bulk viscosity are the same (i.e. the appearance and disappearance of hole), the empirical rule that their activation energies are much the becomes self-evident.
- 社団法人日本材料学会の論文
- 1963-05-15
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