結晶振動法による粗大結晶粒の応力測定法

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The principle of stress measurement by X-rays is based on the Hooks law which consists in the relation between the peak shift of the X-ray diffraction line and the magnitude of the stress, applied or internal. It has been noted as a unique method of nondestructive stress measurement of local stress. The X-ray stress measurement is applied in very wide fields of material engineering studies. e stress measured by X-rays, however, depends on the local value of the lattice strain observed in the certain diffracted crystal plane satisfying the Bragg's condition. In this connection, there are some problems regarding the character of X-ray stress measurement, for example, the generation of the lattice strain obtained from the peak shift of certain diffraction line is closely related to the crystal grain size, the deformation mechanism, the crystal anisotropy and other complicated factors. As mentioned above, the X-ray stress measurement of coarse grained materials is inadequate sometimes for the ordinary way as offered by Glocker and Macherauch etc. In other words, the stress measurement of coarse grained specimens essential from the standpoint of the practical application of the X-ray method. For these reason, the authors attempted to measure the lattice strain and analyse the stress the stress with coarse grained crystal of aluminum, using the oscillating crystal method, and discussed the errors in the measured value. In this paper, the practical significance of the oscillating crystal method is made clear, and besides, it is concluded that the method is more useful than the divergent X-ray method for the stress measurement with coarse grained materials in the engineering sense. Moreover, when the micro-beam technique is introduced to this method , it is possible to measure the extremely localized stress such as tip of crack or one grain in industrial material. The results are follows. (1) This camera can be applied to any size of grain under suitable geometrical conditions. (2) To correct systematic errors, it is necessary to use the standard specimens which have two or more diffraction lines on a film. (3) The errors of lattice strain were less than 6×10<-5> for undeformed Aluminum. (4) The principal residual stress of a coarse grain in the specimen of 7% deformed Aluminum. is σ_1=2.5 kg/mm^2, σ_2=0.1 kg/mm^2 and σ_3=-1.7 kg/mm^2, and their directions agree respectively with that of the tensile axis, of the thickness and of the width.
社団法人日本材料学会の論文
1969-01-15

結晶振動法による粗大結晶粒の応力測定法

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