転移とその時間間隔との関係 : 類似度と第2学習の学習度の函数として
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Purpose : The question whether the amount of transfer is independent upon the time intervals between the 1st and the 2nd learning has not yet been resolved. The purpose of this study is to be clarify the temporal relations of transfer from a viewpoint of function of similarity and degree of learning. Condition of Experiment : Time intervals between the 1st and the 2nd learning are 0, 2, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. Learning tasks are 4 lists (S_1-R_1, S_2-R_1, S_2-R_2, S_1-R_2), which consist of 10 pair associate nonsense Kanamoji letters. Each list used was verified its reproductive value to be statistically equal. Subjects (691 junior high school boys and girls) are divided into 24 homogeneous groups (each about 30) for the combination of 6 time intervals and 4 lists. After each group learns S_1-S_1 list as the 1st task, the group is given any of 4 lists as the 2nd task at a particular time interval. The pair is presented twice, and recall trial is given. Two practice trials and one recall trial are regarded as one unit of degree of learning. All groups take 3 units in both the 1st and the 2nd learning. Conclusion : (1) The curves of transfer which were plotted against time intervals between the 1st and the 2nd learning were of 3 kinds of pattern : retention, positive transfer and negative transfer curve. The positive transfer curve declines gradually like the retention curve, but after 30 days it appears to be not significantly different from the negative transfer curve. It also becomes like the negative transfer curve with the increase of degree of learning in the 2nd task. Only the negative transfer curve is independent from the passage of time. (2) The relations between transfer and time intervals is a function of degree of similarity and of learning in the 2nd task. Under the condition of constant degree of learning in the 1st task ; (I) and the degree of learning in the 2nd task is constant, the nearer the gradient of transfer is to + (plus), the more dependent transfer becomes upon time intervals. (II) as the degree of similarity is constant, the nearer the degree of learning in the 2nd task comes close to one of 1st task, the more independent transfer becomes from time intervals.
- 日本教育心理学会の論文
- 1959-03-30
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- 転移とその時間間隔との関係 : 類似度と第2学習の学習度の函数として