子どもの世界

概要

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The development of perception Prof. Bower proposed that the newborn baby responds to formal, abstract properties of stimulation being independent of any specific sense. A simple example of such a property was provided by inputs that specify the radial direction of a source of stimulation. Considering a sound source: if it comes from straight ahead, a sound source produces exactly the same stimulation in each ear ; if it hits the right ear, the right ear would be stimulated earlier and more intensely than the left ear. At a formal level the same system would operate for detection of an olfactory source, a vjbratory source and a visual source. Prof. , Bower explained a machine named sonic guide which, at a formal level, could present the same information as vision through the auditory sense. Using a sonic guide, even a newborn could learn to avoid an approaching object in the dark. In an experiment on reaching of newborns, they performed well in the dark with the sonic guide, even better than with vision in the light. Moreover, if congenitally blind babies were provided with the sonic guide at an early stage, they would grow like sighted children, showing none of the lesions characterizing blind babies. Formal, abstract and higher-order variables whose sensory content is novel to us as a species, can be utilized easily and thus have the support of a normal program of development.
日本教育心理学会の論文
1985-03-30