伝書ばとの群れ社会の構造 : II.はと小屋における個体間のつつき関係と空間の利用
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
1. Average frequency of pecking per hour among 10 individuals in a pen is summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Generally speaking, males surpass females in their absolute pecking-counts, but males tend to peck others somewhat more frequently than to be pecked, whereas the situation is reversad in femaies. Males peck both males and females equally, while females rather prefer the same sex. Those individuals, either male or female, which give more frequent peckings received more peckings from others. The results therefore do not indicate the ordinary hierarchy, but may more reasonably be interpreted as a measure of the activity of individuals. 2. No.1 and No.8 Male, which had occupied the highest rank through their overall peckings before June 14,became less active with decreasing pecking numbers after the date when they begun to incubate the eggs laid by their mates. It is interesting to note that they formed pairs respectively with No.2 and No.3 Female which ranked lowest in their activity. In the later period, No.7 Male became more activated and to consort with No.5 Female. 3. The positions of 10 marked individuals on the two perches and the board are schematically represented in Fig.1. In the period before June 11 on which artificial nest-cases were laid on the perches, the females such as Nos.2,3,4,5 and 6 perched just around No.1 Male, and the other males such as Nos.7,8,9 and 10 took their positions outside of this loose assemblage. Since nest-cases were set, males have been superior to females in their nest occupations. These occupants which tended to change their nest-cases frequently fixed their sites since the middle of June as shown in Table 3. No.1 and No.8 Male with their mates established their territories around their own nestcases (A and C) on the upper perch, and the former pair drove all others from the neighboring nest-case B. The other three males (Nos.7,9 and 4) respectively occupied a single nest on the lower perch. 4. Prior to the establishment of nesting territories, a perch was most frequently occupied by some four resting individuals. Number of birds per perch neither exceeded 6 nor dropped below 2 (Fig.2). Average distance between two neighboring birds was nearly the same regardless of the number of individuals on a perch. In the later period, the upper perch was very often occupied by 2 birds and sometimes by 3 or 4,whereas somewhat more birds (less than 6) were available for the lower perch than before. The distance between individuals considerably increased in case when 2〜3 birds rested on a perch, but remained more or less unchanged for larger numbers (Fig.3). These transitions apparently correspond to the formation of nesting pairs with their territories. The distance relations stated above seems to suggest that the birds in an assemblage maintain a certain minimum distance space between them. 5. Males never stayed anywhere on the board before June 14,while females rested both on the perches and on the board. Although some males also became to perch on the board, the frequency of resting on the perches were by far the greater in males than in the opposite sex. This fact seems to indicate some difference in the space utilization of male and female.
- 1957-05-31
著者
関連論文
- 伝書ばとの群れ社会の構造 : III. はと小屋における社会関係(その2)
- 伝書ばとの群れ社会の構造 : II.はと小屋における個体間のつつき関係と空間の利用
- アラレタマキビ(Tectarius granularis Gray)の棲息密度とその變動
- 伝書ばとの群れ社会の構造 : I.はと小屋におる社会関係(その1)