北海道南部地方の耕地・耕地放棄地等にみられる雑草群落とその推移

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1. Everywhere in Hokkaido, we can see many waste lands, such as plains, abandoned cultivated fields and borders of arable lands overgrown with many weeds. Not only such waste lands, but even arable lands, new reclaimed lands and afforested lands are overgrown with various kinds of weeds making their own characteristic communities. 2. The writer tried to divide such weed communities, into several types which grow on cultivated, new reclaimed and abandoned fields, according to the dominant species of the communities, their habitats and succession, as follows. A. Weed community-types in the cultivated field and its habitat and the most luxuriant season of communities. (1) Acalypha-type ; Loam, Vegetable garden, from summer to autumn. (2) Stellaria media-t. ; Fertile soil, Vegetable garden and orchard field, from early summer to early winter. (3) Sperguld-t. ; Loam, flax field, from summer to autumn. (4) Portulaca-t. ; Sandy loam, Vegetable garden, from summer to autumn. (5) Chenopodium-t.; Loam, Potato or soy beans field, Autumn. (6) Polygonum-t. ; Loam, Wheat field, Autumn. Main species ; Polygonum logisetum, P.nodosum, P.longisetum forma albiflorum. (7) Polygonum nepalense-t. ; All over the cultivated field, Autumn. (8) Commelina-t. ; Loam, Potato or wheat field, from summer to autumn. (9) Gramineae-t. ; The species of gramineae growing in the cultivated field of this type are : Setaria autumnalis, S. viridis, S. pumila, Echinochloa Crus-galli, Digitaria adscendens, D. violascens, Panicum bisulcatum, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum paniculatum etc. (10) Equisetum arvense-t. ; Sandy loam, Vegetable garden or orchard field, from summer to autumn. (11) Trifolium-t. ; Pasture or roadside, from spring to early winter. B. Weed community-types in the border of cultivated field, abandoned cultivated field, afforested land and habitats of the communities type and their most luxuriant season. (1) Ixeris-type ; Barren soil, from spring to autumn. (2) Erigeron canadensis-t. ; Abandoned field, from summer to autumn. (3) Rumex Acetosella-t.; Acid soil, from spring to autumn. (4) Erigeron annuus-t. ; Abandoned field, from summer to autumn. (5) Oenothera biennis-t. ; Abandoned field, sunny place, summer. (6) Gramineae-t. ; Abandoned field, Garden, Roadside. Main species ; Agrostis palustris, A. stolonifera, Festuca elatior, Agropyron repens, Poa pratensis, P. sphondylodes, P. annua, Zoisia japonica, Anthoxanthum odoratum etc. (7) Epilobium angustifolium-t. ; New reclaimed land, sunny place, summer. (8) Taraxacum-t. ; Garden, Pasture, Ridge between rice-fields, Spring. Main species; Taraxacum officinale, T. hondoense. (9) Hydrocotyle ramiflora-t.; Border of cultivated field, slightly wet, Footpaths between rice fields, from summer to early winter. (10) Polygonum Thunbergii-t. ; Border of irrigation ditch, Autumn. (11) Plantago lanceolata-t. ; Pasture, Roadside, Summer. (12) Artemisia montana-t. ; Afforested land, Field, from spring to summer. (13) Eupatorium montana-t. ; Afforested land, Field, summer. (14) Petasites japonicus var. giganteus-t. ; Border of arable lands, Plains, Riverside, from spring to summer. (15) Miscanthus sinensis-t. ; Hill and plateau, Sunny place, from summer to autumn. (16) Pteridium-t. ; Fertile hills, Sunny place, Summer. (17) Rudbeckia-t. ; Slightly wet land in the border of cultivated field, roadside and railroad side, from early summer to late autumn. (18) Polygonum sachalinense-t. ; Border of arable lands, Riverside, fields and mountains, Summer. (19) Sasa-t. ; This is the commonest type in fields and mountains in Hokkaido. 3. As described above, the secondary succession of the weed community which grows on the new reclaimed land and on the abandoned field, changes almost in the order as follows. A. The succession of new reclaimed lands. Epilobium angustifolium-Erigeron canadensis-Oenothera biennis-type (1〜3 years)→Eupatorium montana-Sasa-Oenothera-type (3〜8 years)→Sasa-Pteridium-Larix-type (8〜13 years)→Larix-Sas
日本生態学会の論文
1957-12-31

著者

桑原義晴
北海道倶知安高等学校

北海道南部地方の耕地・耕地放棄地等にみられる雑草群落とその推移

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