生物学的生産の基礎概念について

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1. The term, "production, "used in ecology must properly be expressed as"biological production, "in order not to be confused with the production which man performs. 2. There are contradictions among the categories which name the green plants the producers, the animals the consumers, and bacteria the decomposers(THIENEMANN, 1926) ; among those which name the herbivorous animals the first consumers, the carnivorous animals the first consumers, the carnivorous animals the second consumers and so on(LINDEMAN, 1942). 3. These authors considered energy and material transfer in the biotic community or in the ecosystem from the viewpoint of the energetics, and treated the green plants simply as the catchers of the radiant energy. In this respect only the green plants are conceived as the producers of the organic substances. Such is an over-simplified and onesided treatment. 4. Such an attitude reminds one of a thought which confined the consumption in human society merely to the individual consumption and neglects the productive consumption. 5. The consumption of green plants by herbivorous animals represents the productive consumption on that level of the hiotic community, and so on. These animals are eventually the producer of the animal level. 6. Only from this point of view, we may properly recognize the ecological meaning of the organic"production"by animals, of animal proteins and the other organic substances, and of the whole body of the animal itself. 7. The method of approach used by THIBNBMANN, LINDEMAN and others, can only settle the "flame" of the inflow of the radiant energy into the biotic community and this flame is regulated by the organization of the community, the analysis of which forms the basic problem of synecology. Therefore, from the synecological viewpoint, these authors' systems seem to be unsuccessful for the solution of the fundamental problems of the"biological production."
日本生態学会の論文
1956-03-31

生物学的生産の基礎概念について

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