カムチャッカ半島のダケカンバ林の植生と環境
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概要
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On the Kamchatka Peninsula, well developed Betula ermanii forests were generally recognized at an altitudinal range from sea level to ca. 400m on the east coast near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The range increased to ca. 600-900m in the Central Kamchatka Depression. A total of 24 plots were established to analyze the vegetation. The tree layer consisted exclusively of Betula ermanii, whose saplings occurred commonly to recruit in the forest canopy. These data indicated that Betula was the final tree. The species of the herbaceous layer were well diversified. Throughout the plots, a total of 59 vascular species were recognized, of which 48 were common to northern Japan. The Betula forests were found to be fairly uniform in species composition, despite being distantly located geographically, as indicated by the Sφrensen's similarity indices. The forest was well developed where the climate was characteristically maritime, due to the influence of the Pacific Ocean, with small annual fluctuations in temperature, low summer temperatures, a large amount of annual precipitation resulting in heavy snow fall and a short of growing season. Such a climate would discourage boreal conifers such as Larix kamtchatica and Picea ajanensis from becoming established. Their distribution was confined to the Central Depression, where the climate is typically continental. Under the maritime climate, due to a lack of competitors, Betula ermanii could become the final tree constituting the climax forests. The high elevations in the interior would provide a similar type of climate.
- 日本生態学会の論文
- 1994-04-20
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- カムチャッカ半島のダケカンバ林の植生と環境