戦間期日本における家族秩序の問題化と「家庭」の論理-下層社会に対する社会事業の認識と実践に着目して-

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概要

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• The studies of family history in Japan, on which histrical studies since Ph. Aries have had a great influence, have mainly made clear two pionts about the 'modern family' in Japan : (1) "katei" (home) as a new family model appeared in the middle of the Meiji era. (2) Middle class families in urban areas practiced the new family style in the Taisho era, and the present-day family has its origin in that class. However, those studies have not always paid much attention to how the 'katei' model has been diffused or popularized from middle class to the other ones. On the basis of this interest, this paper examines the normalizing process of the 'katei' model, which is one of the remarkable causes of its diffusion process, by focusing on the emergence and development of social work which, from the Taisho era to the early Showa era, played the role of an important agent toward lower classes. In analyzing this point of view, this paper suggests as follows : (1) The discourses of social work had regarded the 'katei' model as the norm to support the practices in the background of viewing lower class families as a social problem. This conceptual framework of social work implies that 'katei' as a representation for middle class families had been transformed into the norm for lower classes at that time. (2) On the basis of this concept, social work had started the intervention to lower class families, and the family had been improved from the 'disordered' conditions to the 'katei' model by the strategy of family preservation. So the service had played a critical role in the diffusion process of the 'katei' model. (3) The discourses and the practices of social work mentioned above had also created a new relationship between the state and family, because the practices were extremely political and exercised public control for the maintenance of social order. However, as the 'katei' model had been regarded as 'public space' in the discourses, the intervention to families had been easily legitimized. These findings show that the diffusion process of the 'katei' model in the interwar period of Japan had proceeded with the process of social government toward families. Although the 'katei' model had been a representation of happiness, especially for middle class families at that time, it had also functioned as an ideology of the nation.

• 1997-05-15

著者

• 鈴木 智道

  東京大学大学院

関連論文

• 近代日本における下層家族の教育戦略 : 〈近代家族〉大衆化の構造的基盤
• 近代日本における下層家族の「家庭」化戦略 : の大衆化に関する基礎的研究
• 戦間期日本における家族秩序の問題化と「家庭」の論理-下層社会に対する社会事業の認識と実践に着目して-
• 近代都市空間と「家庭」の論理 : 戦間期における「子どもの問題」をめぐって

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