教育的人間関係における年齢と性
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概要
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The teacher, the child and the parent are the three main personalities in educational research. Each of them has been studied in different branches of educational sciences with particular emphasis on their own method, but many things are still unknown with regard to the total structure of the reciprocal relations among these three interacting personalities. This paper deals with age and sex as a connecting link of the relationship in which an emphasis is put on a tendency of feminization of the teaching profession, sex neutrality in school culture and the increasing responsibility of child rearing in the family. The remarkable increase of Japanese female teachers reached 46% in 1961, but administrative positions are almost occupied by male teachers. (the ratio of female principals in the elementary schools are only 0.43%) Consequently the equality principle is particularly emphasized in the teaching profession. The increasing feminization in the teaching profession in Japan is stimulated by (1) the real and potential increase of female teachers, (2) female teachers' strong desire for equality in treatment, (3) classroom teachers' autonomy in school administration which has been strengthened after world war II. Combined with sex neutrality in children, the equality principle tends to create girl's superiority in school culture because girls are more eager in "emanisipation drive" than boys. One other factor of the feminization in education is the woman's role in the conjugal family. The kinship system which has been prevalent under the development of industrialization is the nuclear family consisting of the limited menbers of husband, wife and their children. In this simple family organization the responsibility of child rearing is, as a rule, placed on the house wife, the mother. She becomes a significant "role model" for boys as well as girls. Thus children are raised chiefly by women at home and in the school. In spite of the sex differentiation by the sexes and the tendency of masculine superiority in the total society, education in Japan is inclined to be dominated by the tendency of feminization and will be more in the future.
- 日本教育社会学会の論文
- 1962-10-10
著者
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