燈用瓦斯(又は石炭瓦斯)による滲炭機構に就て
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Now the deep cementation on the crankpins of the Aeroengine Crankshaft comes a very important problem for the Aircraft industry. Difficulty of the deep cementation is the formation of free cementite. Always the Town gas composed with various constituents such as CO_2, O_2, C_xH_y, CO, CH_4, H_2, N_2 etc., and merely CO, CO_2 and CH_4, H_2 necessitate for cementating process. CO gas acts as the Diffuser by depressing the powerful cementating intensity of CH_4 gas, and makes the distribution of Carbon diminishes progressively and in a uniform and slow manner from surface toward the interior of the cemented pieces. The produced gas increase CO, H_2 and decrease CH_4, CO_2 than the original components. On the reduction of CO_2→CO we conceivable three cases as follows. (1) CH_4+CO_2→CO+2H_2 (2) H_2+CO_2→CO+H_2O (A) H_2O+CH_4→CO+3H_2 (B) C+H_2O→CO+H_2 (3) C+CO_2→2CO These C means the very fine pulverulent Carbon which deposited from CH_4 and C_xH_y. By the Thermodynamics we learned the Change of Internal Energy such as Free Energy in the Chemical Reactions. All chemical reactions may be progress such as decrease the Free Energy, and also the Chemical Affinity means truely the change of Free Energy. Also Free Energy have the relations with the Equilibrium Constant such as -ΔF=RTlnKp, and in the Physical Chemistry we know the famous equations which expose the Relation between Free Energy (ΔF), Heat of Formation (ΔH) Equilibrium constant (Kp) absolute temperature (T), and gas constant R. such as. ΔF-ΔH=T(∂(ΔF)/∂T)p This is the Gibb's Helmholtz Equation and (∂(lnKp)/∂T)p=ΔH/RT^2 is the Van't Hoff's Equation. By my research, I have honour to infer some very important theory in the Physical metallurgy such as follows. (1) Even CO gas only may have the most powerful intensity of cementation when always should be taken current of Co as helps ober 98% as strictly ober Cementite-Austenite equilibrium line. (2) In the Solid Cement we recognise clearly the decreasing of H_2 content which always corresponding to the increasing of CO in the process of Cementation. By this phenomena I propose the new mechanisms of reduction of CO from CO_2 such as follows. CO_2+H_2→CO+H_2O C+H_2O→CO+H_2 By the Free Energy we know that Hydrogen has the greater affinity to CO_2 than solid Carbon, so that C+CO_2→2CO reaction may be severe. (3) In generally CH_4, C_2H_2 etc. compound of C-H_2 system, HCN, KCN, etc. compound of C-N_2 system, NH_3 of N-H_2 spstem, has the greater ΔF than CO, CO_2, etc. compound of C-O_2 system, NO, NO_2 etc. compound of N-O_2 system, so that the former have the greater activity then latter gases. (4) The produced gas in the Solid Cement, composed with CO, CO_2, H_2 CH_4 N_2 etc. and CO/(CO+CO_2, ) CH_4/(CH_4+H_2) does not denote the concentration in 1 atm. so that we cannot apply directly these concentration to the Equilibrium Diagram. When in the town gas also same as above.
- 社団法人日本鉄鋼協会の論文
- 1936-09-25
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関連論文
- 高速度内燃機關用曲軸の製作過程に於ける難作業と之に對する諸方法並に批判
- 燈用瓦斯(又は石炭瓦斯)による滲炭機構に就て
- 8) 高速内燃機關用曲軸の製作過程に於ける難作業と之に對する諸方法竝に批判(日本鐵鋼協會第拾五囘講演大會)