The Application of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology to Plant Breeding Emphasizing on Disease Resistance(Present and Future Outcome of Molecular Biology in Horticulture, For Further Development of Horticulture in East Asia)

概要

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The global area of transgenic crops increased explosively as 1.2 million hectares in 1995, 2.8 million ha in 1996 and 12.8 million ha in 1997. Now the plant biotechnology is not any more a technique for the laboratory experiment, but it is a fully practical tool in developing commercially successful cultivars. Among 123.8 million ha of the global acreage for transgenic crops, USA occupied 8.1 million ha (64% of the total), China 1.8 million ha (14%), Argentina 1.4 million ha (11%) and Canada 1.3 million ha (10%). The transgenic soybean ranked first in transgenic crops in 1997, accounting for 5.1 million ha (40%), the second is corn with 3.2 million ha (11%). The herbicide tolerance ranked first by occupying 6.9 million ha (54% of the global acreage), the insect resistance using Bt gene ranked second with 4 million ha (31%), and the virus resistance with 1.8 million ha. More than 96% of farmers who planted transgenic crops want to plant them again for the next year. During the twelve year period 1986 to 1997, about 25, 000 transgenic crops were tested in field globally on more than 60 crops with 10 traits in 45 countries. Some aspects of interactions between plant and plant pathogenes become elucidated at molecular level, and the possible utilization of the knowledge for developing disease resistance varieties will be discussed.
園芸学会の論文
1998-11-15