菜種品種の感温性及び感光性について
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概要
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In order to clarify the mechanism of spring growinfhabitof rape (Brassica napus L.), the experiments on the following three subjects concerning plants'response to defferent temperature and day length were conducted. a. Relation among grede of spring nature, temperature sensibility and illumination sensibility of rape varieties. b. Relation between vernalization and grade of spring nature of rape. c. Organization of bolting acceleration. The followings are the gist of experiments. (1) There exists a close relation between the grade of spring nature and tempereture sensibility of rape varieties and the higher the grade of spring nature, the higher the temperature sensibility. There is almost no illumination sensibility in rape and its bolting and flowering are accelerated to only a little degree by long day treatment and there is no relation between illumination sensibility and the grade of spring nature. (2) Therefore it is concluded that the difference of grade of spring nature fo rape varieties results from the different sensibility to temperature. This is entirely defferent from the nature of wheat and barley family, the grade of spring nature of which results from both sensibility to temperature and illumination. (3) As the grade of spring nature goes up, that is , temperature sinsibility goes up, there is less need for lower temperature for bolting and flowering fo rape. This is, bolting of those varieties, having higher grade of spring nature, can be accelerated by shorter period exposure to low temperature than the varieties, having lower grade of the nature. The higher the grade of spring nature, the greater the bolting acceleration. This is due to the fact taht the varieties having higher grade of spring nature have their fall growing habit eliminated more completely. (4) In case rape is grown on the ordinary field and transported to the green-house, bolting and flowering are accelerated as the period of exposure to the natural lower temperature, due to the delay of transport to the green-house, becomes longer, and its accelration speed reaches peak at a certain period and then slows down. The peak period is the time when differentiation of flower bud initial begins and the varieties having higher grade of spring nature begins defferentiation at earlier period. (5) The fact that bolting and flowering are accelerated by lower tempereture is based on the reason that the lower temperature is an important element in the transitional period from vegetation to reproduction. But once the plant goes into reproduction period and starts differentiation of flower bud, lower temperature takes controling action and delays plant growth. Higher tempereture speeds up plant growth. (6) The number of leaves on thd main stem, which grow with the acceleration of bolting and flowering increase by lower temperature and make little change by day length. This trend is remarkably different from the wheat and barley family, the number of leaves on the main stem of which reduces with the acceleration of earing in the every case of higher or lower temperature treatment, long day or short day treatment, etc. (7) In case of chilling the sprouted seeds, the varieties having higher grade of spring nature have greater acceleration of bolting and higher decreasing per cent. of number of leaves on the main stem. But it is presumed that if the chilling period is extended, varieties having lower grade of spring nature like wheat and barley family, will have greater bolting acceleration and higher decreasing per cent. of number of leaves on the main stem. That is, threr is a lag in the grade of spring nature between rape and wheat or barley family.
- 日本作物学会の論文
- 1952-12-20