EOLIAN ADDITIONS TO SOILS AND SEDIMENTS OF JAPAN

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概要

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• Significance of the eolian additions to soils and sediments of Japan was evaluated. Soils overlying Paleozoic limestone, Ando soils developed on volcanic ashes, eolian dusts in a mud rain deposit, snow melt and ombrogenous Sphagnum peats from Japan and South Korea, and loess from North China were analyzed for the particle-size distribution and oxygen isotopic composition of a marker mineral quartz. the total quartz content of the soils overlying limestones was much higher in the surface horizons (30 to 40%) than the subsurface horizons (3 to 14%). The whole quartz content within cumulative Ando soils varied from 9-11% in the lower buried horizons (8,000-50,000 years B.P.) to 1-2% in the upper recent horizons (<ca. 8,000 years B.P.). Quartz grain-size cumulative curves for most soil and sediment samples from Japan and South Korea fell within a relatively narrow range (2 to 50 μm) which was between that of loess and loess-derived soil of North China (20 to 50 μm) and Hawaiian soils (1 to 10μm), suggesting a grain-size sorting by prevailing Westerly Wind systems of the mild-latitude zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Quartz of the underlying limestones from six localities showed marked variations in the particle-size distribution indicating the soils overlying limestones were not derived from the residuum of the limestones weathered away. The oxygen isotopic composition (^<18>O value, expressed as parts per thousand variation relative to Standard Mean Ocean Water, SMOW) of fine quartz slit (1 to 10 m in diameter, characteristic of long-distance aerosolic dust) of soil and sediment samples showed values of +16.3 to ;17.0(North China) and +14.7 to +16.1(Japan). Those values are in agreement with those previously reported for fine quartz from the North Pacific pelagic sediments and the Hawaiian soils, and characteristic of the eolian dusts of the mid-latitude zone of Eurasia. These values correspond to the average composition of quartz of the earth's crust. A well-mixed reservoir in the source is inferred for the soil quartz. The quartz from underlying limestones and volcanic material has totally different isotopic compositions, and cannot be the source of the soil quartz. The correspondence between the two parameters of quartz strongly suggests their common eolian input from arid and semi-arid regions in Asian interiors to the soils. Local eolian contribution from dry-river bed and/or beach and volcanic ash, quartz of whose predominate size is 30 to 40 m is evident for some Ando soils from Kagoshima, Shizuoka and Hokkaido. The framework of ^<14>C dating, together with the stratigraphic correlation of marker tephras, suggests that the long-distance eolian additions were much greater in the last glacial maximum period (18,000 years B.P.) than in the Holocene.

• 社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文

著者

• MATSUHISA YUKIHIRO

  Geological Survey of Japan, AIST

• Matsuhisa Yukihiro

  Geological Survey Of Japan

• Mizota C

  Faculty Of Agriculture Kyushu University

• MIZOTA Chitoshi

  Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University

• Mizota Chitoshi

  Faculty Of Agriculture Iwate University

• Mizota Chitoshi

  Faculty Of Agricultuer Iwate University

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