Effects of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Apple Orchard Soils on Microbial Biomass and Microbial Activities

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The effects of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and As) accumulated in apple orchard surface soils on the microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, and soil respiration were investigated. The largest concentrations of total Cu, Pb, and As found in the soils used were 1,010, 926, and 166 mg kg^<-1> soil, respectively. The amounts of microbial biomass C and N, expressed on a soil organic C and soil total N basis, respectively, were each negatively correlated with the amounts of total, 0.1_M HCl-extraetable, and 0.1_M CaCl_2-extraetable Cu as logarithmic functions, the correlation coefficient being lowest for the 0.1_M CaCl_2-extractable Cu. Nevertheless, they were not correlated with the soil pH which was controlling the solubility of Cu in 0.1_M GACl_2. The dehydrogenase activity expressed per unit of soil organic C was also negatively correlated with the amounts of total, 0.1_M HCl-extractable Cu, and 0.1_M CaCl_2-extraetable Cu as logarithmic functions. However, the correlation coefficient was highest for the 0.1_M CaCl_2-extraetable Cu. Although the soil respiration per unit of soil total organic C did not show any significant correlations with the total concentrations of heavy metals, it showed negative significant correlations with the amount of 0.1_M HCl-extraetable Cu, and to a greater extent, with the amount of 0.1_M CaCl_2-extraetable Cu. Both the dehydrogenase activity and respiration per unit of soil total organic C increased significantly with increasing soil pH. These results suggested that in apple orchard soils with heavy metal accumulation the microbial biomass was adversely affected by the slightly soluble Cu, whereas the microbial activities by the readily soluble Cu whose amount depended on the soil pH. The respiration per unit of microbial biomass C showed a positive significant correlation with the logarithmic concentration of total Cu. Furthermore, the contribution of fungi to substrate-induced respiration increased with increasing total Cu content in the soils.
社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文

Effects of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Apple Orchard Soils on Microbial Biomass and Microbial Activities

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