Kinetics of ^<15>N-Labelled Nitrogen from Co-Compost Made from Cattle Manure and Chemical Fertilizer in a Paddy Field: Effect of Mixing Ratio of Cattle Feces and Ammonium Sulfate

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In order to produce an effective organic ferti1izer for plant uptake and to examine the characteristics of a nitrogen fertilizer, cattle feces and (NH_4)_2SO_4 were co-composted, and the kinetics of nitrogen uptake by rice plants from the co-compost was traced by the use of ^<15>N. Cattle feces and (NH_4)_2SO_4, either of which was labelled with ^<15>N, were co-composted in a ratio of 1:3 or 3:1 for nitrogen, and the nitrogen kinetics from cattle feces or (NH_4)_2SO_4 was investigated. In addition, four non-co-composted plots and a chemical fertilizer piot were set up as a control experiment. A 1:3 or 3:1 mixture of cattle manure and (NH_4)_2SO_4, either of which was labelled with ^<15>N, was applied in the non-co-composted plots. And only (NH_4)_2SO_4 without manure was applied as a nitrogen fertilizer in a plot. In addition to the data on the 1:1 co-compost reported in our previous paper (Matsushita et al. 2000: Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 46, 355-363), the characteristics of the seco-composts as nitrogen fertilizer were estimated. The 1:3 co-compost was an efficient nitrogen fertilizer for rice plant uptake. The effect was conspicuous, especially in the early period of rice growth. However, inorganic nitrogen was in short supply in the middle period, and became mineralized again in the latter period of rice growth. The co-compost may not be suitable as a slow-acting fertilizer but could be efficient as a quick-acting fertilizer, in terms of organic matter content. When cattle feces and (NH_4)_2SO_4 were co-composted in a ratio of 3:1, the dry weight of the rice plants in the co-composted plots was significantly lower than that in the non-co-composted plots on August 12 and afterwards. The least active growth was associated with a shortage of inorganic nitrogen. Especially, the N-uptake ratio by rice plants from (NH_4)_2SO_4 in the 3:1 co-compost decreased by about 40% of the value in the non-co-composted plot. The results suggested that (NH_4)_2SO_4 was actively assimilated during the co-composting period in the 3:1 co-compost. The co-compost may not satisfy the plant requirement for nitrogen. In contrast, this co-compost could be efficient as an amendment material for soil with a low nutrient content, because the N-residual ratios in soil from (NH_4)_2SO_4 were about 80%. On the other hand, the N-uptake ratio from (NH_4)_2SO_4 with cattle manure in the non-co-composted plot was lower than that without cattle manure in the early period, compared with that in the latter period of rice growth. The results indicated that the slow acting ability of nitrogen from (NH_4)_2SO_2 increased by the addition of cattle manure. Considering the nitrogen loss through the composting process, the N-uptake ratios from cattle feces and (NH_4)_2SO_4 were in the order of 1:3 nin-con-composted plot>1:3 co-composed plot >3:1 non-co-composted plot>(NH_4)_2SO_4 only plot >3:1 co-composed plot. In summary, the 1:3 co-compost made of cattle manure and (NH_4)_2SO_4 may display a quick acting ability, the 3:1 co-compost could increase the soil nitrogen content, and the mixture of cattle manure and (NH_4)_2SO_4 may exhibit a slow acting for nitrogen. In taking account of nitrogen utilization, the simultaneous application of cattle manure and (NH_4)_2SO_4 without co-composting appears to be an efficient merhod compared with the co-composting method.
社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文

Kinetics of ^<15>N-Labelled Nitrogen from Co-Compost Made from Cattle Manure and Chemical Fertilizer in a Paddy Field: Effect of Mixing Ratio of Cattle Feces and Ammonium Sulfate

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