Effects of visible light absorbing chemicals in the photomicronucleus test in Chinese hamster V79 cells

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The photon energy of visible light is not sufficient to cause direct damage of DNA. However, endogenous or exogenous photosensitizers which absorb in the visible light range may have the potential to damage DNA indirectly. Energy transfer from triplet excited sensitizers to molecular oxygen seems to be the most important mechanism (type II-photoreactions). Excited singlet oxygen may directly damage DNA or other cellular structures and/or give rise to other damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). The lifetimes of ROS are very short, so that the effects (phototoxic/photogenotoxic) are influenced by the type of molecular targets which are in the immediate vicinity of their site of generation. Photogenotoxic effects induced by visible light absorbing compounds in mammalian cells have been studied only for a few chemicals. In this study we used the photo-micronucleus assay in V79 cells to investigate photogenotoxic effects induced following treatment of the cells with 5 visible light absorbing chemicals as well as following induction of endogenous porphyrin synthesis by 5-aminolevulinic acid. Irradiation was performed using solar light conditions. Proflavine, neutral red, methylene blue and protoporphyrin DC induced clear photogenotoxic effects in our hands, whereas acridine was negative for this end-point. All compounds reduced the proliferation index following irradiation, which indicates photocytotoxic effects. Prolonged incubation of V79 cells with 5-aminolevulinic acid (2-6 h) led to clear photogenotoxic effects in the photo-micronucleus assay probably caused by the time-dependent induction of intracellular porphyrin synthesis.
日本環境変異原学会の論文
2001-10-20

Effects of visible light absorbing chemicals in the photomicronucleus test in Chinese hamster V79 cells

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