森林斜面における表層土の移動と土壌パイプの関係についての一考
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概要
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Soil materials, moved from soil sections in which soil pipes were contained, were measured every months during a year at two geomorphological positions (i.e., a section from upper to middle slopes and the convergent part of a lower slope) in a forested 0-order basin, Nara Prefecture, central Japan. At both positions, three stages related to the development process of soil pipes were revealed: (1) Formation stage that pipes are formed by local soil destruction, (2) Enlargement stage that relatively fine particles of slope materials are moved by the force of subsurface water flow oriented to soil pipes, and (3) Distinction stage that slope materials are deformed and displaced and that a resultant distinction of soil pipes is provided. In the upper and middle slopes, soil pipes were observed at the upper part of the soil layer and the amount of moved soils were much at the formation stage and little at the enlargement stage. The soil amount moved at the distinction stage was seemed to be much, although its data was a few. Formation and distinction of soil pipes in the upper and middle slopes produced a resultant downslope displacement of soil materials which is regarded as a part of soil creep. On the other hand, in the convergent part of the lower slope, soil pipes were observed at the lower part of a colluvium, and the amount of moved soils were much at the enlargement stage and besides visual observations showed that the moved soils were much at the distinction stage. The characteristics of soil movement associated with the soil pipes on each geomorphological position are thought to link the geomorphic processes in the slopes, represented by creep, slide, sediment discharge and subsidence of the slope materials. Additionally it was presumed by the chemical analysis of discharged water from the soil sections that biochemical factors such as the activities of micro organisms must be a trigger of pipe formation in the forest soils.
- 日本地形学連合の論文
- 2002-10-25
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