ソ連の農業集団化について (経済史と現代)
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概要
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It is well known, though by far the least investigated, that collectivization of agriculture in the USSR ended in a tragic famine in the grain-producting areas in 1932-33. This paper, based mainly on a secret material of the GPU, aims at making it clear tha hunger among the peasantry in the grain-producing areas began at the end of 1929 as an immediate result of introduction on the 1929-30 grain procument year of the so-called village plan(pocelennii plan). It was a kind of quota system, levied on the peasant societies(communes and kolkhozez) as a whole, and the system itself survived practically until the Gorbachev peroid, though the offical names and details changed in various ways. The hunger, caused by the new procurement policy, was deepened by the embarkment of wholesale collectivization, which at the beginning of 1930 collected seeds from the peasantry for the spring sowing camoaign. Activists, mobilized for the all-out drive of collectivization, were ordered to prohibit peasants from eating seed grains. The GPU material reported Stalin, Molotov, Yagoda and others that many peasants were starved to death in the Volga regions, North Caucasus, Siberia and so on. This process coincided with the beginning of the end of the Russian peasant commune(zemel'noe obshchstvo). The land of kolkhozes became a de factostate land, and private plots of kolkhozniks became almost the only source of their existence. It is worth noticing that in middle of the 1930s repartitioning of private plots was widespread to a certain degree.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1992-05-25