明治初年の横浜生糸売込商 : 吉村屋の経営分析を中心として
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概要
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Yoshimuraya is Yokohama silk merchants originally from Joshu, who grew rapidly following 1862 when they came from Omama-machi, Yamada-gun, kozuke-no-kuni (now Omama-machi, Yamada-gun, Gunma Prefecture) to Benten-dori (now Naka-ku), Yokohama. Yoshimuraya played a significant role in silk export in the early Meiji period. In 1876, for instance, they accounted for some 15 percent of total Japanese silk exports. Yoshimuraya was one of the big silk merchants who dominated domestic distribution of silk and its sale to foreign merchants. The analysis of Yoshimuraya's management would help clarify how the oligopolistic silk export system-the so-called "Uriko-misho Taisei"-was established in the latter half of the 1880's. Of the question of Yokohama silk merchants in early Meiji only few studies have been made. There have been no other scholarly works than Takashi Ishii's "Shoki Yokohama Boeki Shonin no Sonzai Keitai" in Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Kiyo (Yokohama City University Review) and Fukuju Unno's article in Yokohama Shishi (The History of the City of Yokohama), vol. III, part I. These studies, however, do not necessarily examine every aspect of silk export in early Meiji. Ishii examined Koshuya, but Koshuya wasa small trading merchant who gradually declined after 1870. There were also a different type of merchants from representative silk merchants such as Yoshimuraya, Kameya and Nozawaya. Unno made it clear that the "Urikomisho Taisei" was established in the latter half of the 1880's, but for lack of source material he was unable to examine the actual state of the big merchants. In this paper I intend to throw light on the hitherto unknown aspect of the big merchants, by analyzing the management of Yoshimuraya. On Yoshimuraya's growth in the Bakumatsu period I have already made research and read a paper at the 35th Convention of the Chihoshi Kenkyu Kyogikai in October 1984. The paper, developed and elaborated since then, will be published in the report of the convention. The present paper is a sequel to it and examines the management of Yoshimuraya during 1868-1872. This paper consists of three parts: 1) monopoly policies of various han and Yoshimuraya; 2) the Franco-Prussian War and Yoshimuraya; and 3) decreased demand for Joshu silk and Yoshimuraya. Part 1 examines how Yoshimuraya responded to local monopoly in silk carried out by various han in 1869. Part 2 looks into the influence of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 upon the Yokohama silk market and examines Yoshimuraya's response to it. Part 3 analyzes the movements of the Yokohama silk market from the end of the Franco-Prussian War to 1872 and examines the management of Yoshimuraya during the period, especially focusing attention on the relations of the rapidly decreased demand for Joshu silk following the end of war with Yoshimuraya's management. The above examination in three parts has thrown light on how big merchants tided over the great depression in early Meiji. It has also made it clear that after the Franco-Prussian War severe competition for better quality silk arose among a limited number of big silk merchants. It is my assumption that such competition eventually led to the establishment of the "Urikomisho Taisei" by Kameya and Nozawaya. But the question after 1873 requires further examination.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1986-02-15