近代ロシアにおける都市化と建設業 : ペテルブルクを中心に
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概要
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In Russia, a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization followed the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. In this paper, the development of construction industry in St Petersburg is investigated. First, the general relationship between urbanization and construction is surveyed. The growth in population experienced by late nineteenth-century Petersburg stimulated demand for house construction and the public amenities necessary to urban life. Demand grew in the late 1890s after the depression of the 1880s. The type of building also underwent a gradual change, from small-scale wooden houses to large-scale brick ones, with running water, gas and/or electricity. These changes affected the social composition of construction workers and the industrial organization. There was a large increase in the number of year-round workers between the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. New types of organization also emerged. In the 1890s in particular, construction companies and artel (workers' associations) appeared alongside the traditional podriadchiki (contractors) and tsekhi (guilds). As businesses grew in scale and the proportion of administrative staff increased, business organizations became more complex and the self-employed had to struggle to survive. However, it is important to note here that the construction industry contained a variety of occupational categories, and that these developed in different ways. An examination of actual cases of construction makes the connection between specific occupations and types of organization clear. While traditional brickwork and plastering were undertaken by podriadchiki, newer skills, such as working with concrete, plumbing or elevator-installation, were the domain of construction companies. In other words, new technology was mainly introduced by construction companies. The growing demand in the construction industry led to a speeding up of construction work, and this in turn brought about an increase in workers and the growth of business organizations.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1999-01-25