「ロバート・ロウダーの農業経営の再検討」
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概要
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This article alms at reconsidering Robert Loder's Farming in English agricultural history from the viewpoint of formation of capitalistic farming Robert Loder kept farm accounts from 1610 to 1620. Although his accounts were not kept on double-entry basis, the form of entry in his accounts was obviously simplified in some extent, compared with an early form in which fully detailed expression was given of the complete transaction concerned. His accounts involve a fairly detailed inventory, and distinguish his farm records from his household ones. We can find germinating form of "capital" in his accounts. The Loder family started its first step as a tenant and rose in the social scale. Robert's father, John, died as a yeoman and his grandson, John, became a gentleman. His farm was situated in the parish of Harwell, Berkshire, where two-field systems survived much later. He inherited his farm in 1610-11. He put forth his farm to halves till 1611. In 1611, he began to grow crops and keep animals on his farm. His main concern was obuiously put on growing crops rather than cattle breeding. About corn growing, he grew wheat and barley as cash crops, and beans and peas to feed cattle. He grew more barley than wheat every year prior to 1617. After 1617, he began to grow more wheat and less barley, taking into consideration that market price of wheat is higher than that of barley. The high yield of wheat in his farm resulted from two causes: more dunging and oftener ploughing. There is not much information about cattle breeding, but we can find a few records about sheep, cows, and horses to do the work. He sold his farm produce both at home and in the market. He employed maids, a carter, a boy, shepherds, and other labourers such as ploughing, harrowing, harvesting, mowing and making hay. To get more profit, he made much efforts and various improvements. For example, he kept farm accounts; he made some part of meadows into water-meadows in order to feed more cattle all the year round; he ploughed his farm oftener in order to harvest more crops; he always watched closely the fluctuating market price of farm produce; and he tried to find the best way to employ labourers. According to his calculation, he got his annual profit, ranging from ￡180 to ￡290. In conclusion. Robert Loder was a yeoman farmer in early seventeenth century.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1974-01-25