社会史からみたヨーロッパの十二世紀
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The twelfth century was the period of great transformation in European social history. The change was profound not only in economic and legal institutions but also in religious and spiritual spheres. In a word, the spirit of the people was transformed in this period which witnessed the beginning of the Crusades, the clearing and settlement of Europe, the drive to the East, and the economic activity of the Cistercians. It was during this period that villages and cities became "communities". The twelfth century was not only the time of expansion but of integration of European people, which makes it justifiable to say that the making of Europe should be found not in the age of Charlemagne but in this century. The transformation can be seen as the expression of social mobility in vertical and horizontal sense. The purpose of this paper is to ask why these changes happened in the twelfth century from the viewpoint of social history. The growth of population and population mobility can be correlated to the changes and diversities of settlement patterns in various districts. The distinctions between the area of more or less self-sufficient manors and the area of commercial production of wool, wine, hemp, flax, etc. in settlement patterns were most important, and the growth of towns should be studied in relation to the difference between these two areas. This paper, therefore, us an attempt to cirticize the idea of the Renaissance of Commerce (Pirenne) which emphasizes the activities of merchants engaged in long-range trade.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1973-10-25