高麗時代の口分田と永業田

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Under the reign of Koryo Dynasty, Jonsaka (田柴科) and Kongum-jonsaka (功蔭田柴科) were the two mainstays of its land system. These were the land grant systems both for cultivation and for firewood gathering, and the latter was granted only to the Upper Ryanban (両班) (bureaucrat), whose decendants were to succeed it, while the former was to much wider classes as Ryanban, soldiers and pettyofficials. It has been a long-standing problem among acholars to clarify the actual state and the character of these systems. In this article, the present author tries to analyze this problem from his own viewpoint, through examining the actual situation of Kubunjon and Yongyob-jon and also their mutual relation. Yongyob-jon in the Early Koryo Period was limited to those classes as Ryanban, soldiers and pettyofficials and was inherited by their decendants according to the special law of succession, called Jonjong-ryonrib (田丁連立). This Yongyob-jon System had more than a close relation with Jonsaka or Kongum-jonsaka System, or it was, in author's opinion, but another name for them. To the latter part of Koryo Period, this Yongyob-jon System had died out. In the Early Koryo Period, the grant of Kubun-jon was restricted to a specified woman or aged one and was to return to State at one's death. Kubun-jon did not represent Jonsaka or Kongum-jonsaka itself, but had a complememtary relation ot it. Judging from this mutually complementary function, it is very natural that the death of Kubun-jon coincided with that of Yongyob-jon. Though there still existed Kubun-jon in Later Koryo Period, its character was entirely different from that of tha earlier. On reading the historical records of Koryo Dynasty, one would find the classification of land, called Kubun-jon or Yongyob-jon throughout this period, originated from the land system in Chine. In the earlier period, those two had a very close relation to each other and their actual ststem were far from Jun-tian System (均田制) in China. In the systems of Kubun-jon and Yongyob-jon themselves, one may point out a remarkable change between the Earlier and the Later Koryo Periods. This fact also suggests that Koryo Period saw an entire change in its land system.
社会経済史学会の論文
1967-12-15

高麗時代の口分田と永業田

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