宋代の都水監について
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概要
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The 'Huang-he' River in the Sung Period was broken at 'Shang-hu-sao' in 'Chan-zhou', A.D. 1048, and the River that had flowed to the eastward before, turned its direction to the north from that time and offered a great trouble to the Chinese lived in districts near the River. An adventurous trial of construction to turn the flow to the old direction at 'Liu-ta-he' in 'Chan-zhou', failed A.D. 1056. The failure, however, induced the Sung Dynasty to establish 'Du-shui-jian' A.D. 1058. The Sung Dynasty set up 'San-si-he-qu-si' A.D. 1051. so as to defend overflows of the 'Huang-he'. And the abovementioned 'Du-shui-jian' followed the system of 'San-si-he-qu-si' and separated from it as an independent department. The governmental establishment of 'Du-shui-jian' attained to the highest development A.D. 1070-1094; and the 'Wai-jian' Department was completed, especially in A.D. 1080 (that is, in the 'Yuan-feng' Era), when 'Wang An-shi' and his party strongly supported that governmental establishment. 'Du-shui-jian' was their main and important policy. Regarding the government system of 'Du-shui-jian', it was made up of the following posts: one 'Pan-Du-shui-jian, one 'Tong-pan Du-shui-jian', two 'Du-shui-jian-zhe,' and one 'Zhu-bu.' Thereformation of governmental system in 'Yuan-feng' brought 'Du-shui-shi-zhe' in place of the former 'Pan Du-shui-jian.' 'Wai-jian' had been set up from the first at 'Chan-zhou,' but it was divided into the south and the north 'Wai-Du-shui-jian' at that time, and under their superintendences eight Du-da-si' and seventy or eighty 'Guan-sao-an-shi' were placed. We moreover will find 'Gou-dang-gong-shi' and 'Du-da-ti-juan'. When salaries and others of those bureaucracies that concern 'Du-shui-jian' were analyzed, we find that they were rather in low positions, and arbitrary and despotic in their governing authority, the results being but to weaken the faculty of the river improvement of the 'Huang-he.'
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1967-12-15